Information Disclosure

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: qrtr: replace qrtr_tx_flow radix_tree with xarray to fix memory leak __radix_tree_create() allocates and links intermediate nodes into the tree one by one. If a subsequent allocation fails, the already-linked nodes remain in the tree with no corresponding leaf entry. These orphaned internal nodes are never reclaimed because radix_tree_for_each_slot() only visits slots containing leaf values. The radix_tree API is deprecated in favor of xarray. As suggested by Matthew Wilcox, migrate qrtr_tx_flow from radix_tree to xarray instead of fixing the radix_tree itself [1]. xarray properly handles cleanup of internal nodes - xa_destroy() frees all internal xarray nodes when the qrtr_node is released, preventing the leak. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260225071623.41275-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/T/

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ipv6: ndisc: fix ndisc_ra_useropt to initialize nduseropt_padX fields to zero to prevent an info-leak When processing Router Advertisements with user options the kernel builds an RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT netlink message. The nduseroptmsg struct has three padding fields that are never zeroed and can leak kernel data The fix is simple, just zeroes the padding fields.

Remote code execution and information disclosure in Linux Kernel's TI ICSSG PRU Ethernet driver allows unauthenticated network attackers to leak kernel heap memory to userspace and potentially corrupt page_pool state. The zero-copy RX dispatch path fails to copy received packet data into newly allocated skbs, instead forwarding uninitialized heap memory up the network stack. Vendor patches available for kernel 6.19.12 and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests low observed exploitation activity despite critical CVSS 9.8 rating and network attack vector.

Memory corruption in Linux kernel IPv6 ICMP error handling allows remote unauthenticated attackers to potentially achieve code execution or information disclosure. The vulnerability arises from incomplete control block (CB) sanitization when converting IPv4 ICMP errors to ICMPv6, enabling forged CIPSO options in outer IPv4 packets to manipulate inner IPv6 packet parsing. This can trigger out-of-bounds memory access extending into skb_shared_info structures. Despite CVSS 9.8 critical rating, EPSS exploitation probability is extremely low (0.02%, 7th percentile), no public exploit code exists, and CISA has not listed this as actively exploited. Patches are available across all supported kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0).

Information disclosure in the Linux kernel's traffic control (tc) scheduler allows local users with low privileges to read uninitialized kernel heap memory through the tc_chain_fill_node() function, which fails to zero-initialize the tcm_info field in netlink messages before transmission to userspace. The vulnerability affects multiple stable kernel series and has a vendor-released patch available across all affected versions.

A local denial of service vulnerability in the Linux kernel bnxt_en driver allows authenticated local users to crash the system by triggering an out-of-bounds array access during backing store capability queries. The vulnerability stems from incorrect use of firmware-provided type values to index fixed metadata arrays, rather than using the known loop iteration index. Exploitation requires local access and user-level privileges (PR:L), and no active exploitation has been reported.

Memory corruption in Linux kernel's crypto authencesn subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to disclose sensitive kernel memory, modify data integrity, or cause denial of service through improper handling of sequence bits during out-of-place decryption operations. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions from 4.3 through multiple stable branches (5.10.x, 5.15.x, 6.1.x, 6.6.x, 6.12.x, 6.18.x, 6.19.x) with patches available across all affected branches. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile) and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified.

Denial of service in the Linux kernel NFC PN533 UART driver allows local authenticated attackers to exhaust memory by sending malformed NFC frames without valid headers, causing unbounded socket buffer growth until kernel crash. Affects Linux 5.5 through 7.0 with patches available across all maintained stable branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0); EPSS exploitation probability is minimal at 0.02%, but local privilege is required.

Linux kernel axienet driver can permanently stall network transmit queues due to incorrect Byte Queue Limits (BQL) accounting when scatter-gather TX packets span multiple NAPI polls. When a multi-buffer-descriptor packet completes across different polling cycles, only partial byte counts are credited to BQL, causing the subsystem to incorrectly believe bytes remain in-flight indefinitely and halting transmission. Vendor patches available for stable branches (6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS exploitation probability is 2% (4th percentile), no active exploitation confirmed, indicating low real-world targeting despite the 7.5 CVSS score.

A logic error in the Linux kernel's BPF verifier regsafe() function allows local attackers with low privileges to exploit improper state exploration for packet pointer ranges, potentially leading to high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. The vulnerability affects multiple stable kernel branches from 5.10 through 6.19, with vendor patches available across all affected versions. EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Denial of service via soft lockup in Linux kernel MPTCP (Multipath TCP) receive function allows remote unauthenticated attackers to lock up a CPU core indefinitely when applications use MSG_PEEK with MSG_WAITALL flags. The vulnerability stems from improper handling of peeked socket buffers that remain in the receive queue, causing sk_wait_data() to never actually wait and spinning in an infinite loop. EPSS score is low (0.02%, 4th percentile) indicating minimal observed exploitation probability. Vendor patches available for kernel versions 6.18.x and 6.19.x series.

Local privilege escalation and information disclosure in Linux kernel netfilter x_tables subsystem allows authenticated local users to leak memory contents or crash the system due to improper null-termination validation of string names passed to c-string functions. CVSS 7.1 (High/Confidentiality, High/Availability impact) but low real-world priority: EPSS 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation likelihood. Patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). No active exploitation confirmed, no POC identified, requires local authenticated access with low privileges.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel netfilter subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and potentially execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. The vulnerability occurs when unregistering connection tracking helpers - expectations referencing the helper survive cleanup and later dereference the freed helper object during expectation dumps or new connection establishment. Vendor-released patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability; no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Information disclosure in the Linux kernel netfilter ctnetlink module allows local authenticated users to read stale NAT configuration data from kernel memory via a crafted netlink message. When ctnetlink_alloc_expect() allocates connection tracking expectations without initializing NAT fields, uninitialized memory containing sensitive data from previous slab allocations is exposed to userspace during expectation dumps. This requires local access and low-privileged authentication (PR:L) but carries a high availability impact due to potential memory disclosure vectors.

A buffer overflow in the Linux kernel netfilter ctnetlink subsystem allows authenticated local attackers to read arbitrary kernel memory. The vulnerability arises when userspace provides a helper name for a new expectation that differs from the master conntrack helper, causing the kernel to read 4 bytes beyond the expectation boundary. Vendor-released patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). Despite a CVSS base score of 7.3, the EPSS score is exceptionally low (0.02%, 7th percentile), indicating minimal observed exploitation attempts, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, suggesting no confirmed active exploitation.

Denial of service in Linux kernel netfilter nf_tables subsystem allows local privileged users to crash the system by issuing immediate NF_QUEUE verdicts, which are not properly validated and cause kernel panic when processed through the arp family or other code paths that lack queue support. The vulnerability affects multiple kernel versions and requires local access with limited privileges (CAP_NET_ADMIN or equivalent) to exploit.

Race condition in the Linux kernel's Bluetooth SCO socket implementation allows local authenticated users to trigger use-after-free and memory corruption via concurrent connect() syscalls on the same socket. The vulnerability affects the sco_sock_connect() function which fails to properly serialize state checks, enabling two threads to simultaneously progress through connection setup on a socket already marked for cleanup, leading to double-free conditions and connection object leaks. Vendor-released patches are available for kernel versions 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates very low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in Linux kernel Bluetooth subsystem allows authenticated local users to cause denial of service through improper resource management in hci_cmd_sync_queue_once() function. The vulnerability affects Bluetooth HCI synchronization queue handling, where the function fails to properly indicate queue item addition status, leading to potential resource leaks and system unavailability. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates minimal real-world exploitation probability despite moderate CVSS severity.

Memory and reference leaks in the Linux kernel Bluetooth hci_sync subsystem allow local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service by triggering hci_cmd_sync_queue_once() failures without invoking the destroy callback, leading to unreclaimed resources. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions prior to 6.19.12 and 7.0, with EPSS score of 0.02% indicating very low real-world exploitation probability despite moderate CVSS score.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel Bluetooth subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high privileges. The vulnerability exists in set_cig_params_sync where hci_conn objects can be freed or modified concurrently during lookup and field access due to inadequate locking. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in Linux Kernel Bluetooth stack allows adjacent network attackers to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or cause denial of service without authentication. The vulnerability exists in hci_le_remote_conn_param_req_evt where hci_conn lookup and field access occurs outside the hdev lock protection, enabling concurrent memory corruption. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Linux kernel Bluetooth MGMT subsystem fails to validate the advertised data length field in mesh send operations, allowing local authenticated attackers to trigger denial of service by reading beyond allocated buffer boundaries. The vulnerability affects the mesh_send() function which accepts a truncated MGMT_OP_MESH_SEND command that passes length checks but contains mismatched adv_data_len and actual payload, leading to out-of-bounds access during async mesh transmission. Patch versions include 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.1.168, 6.18.22, and 7.0.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's BPF sockmap implementation allows local authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and potentially execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. The vulnerability occurs in sk_psock_verdict_data_ready() when handling AF_UNIX sockets, where sk->sk_socket can be accessed after being freed following sock_orphan(). This affects Linux kernel versions 5.15 through 6.19.12, with patches available for stable branches 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates very low observed exploitation probability in the wild, and no active exploitation or public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Memory leak in the MACB (Cadence Gigabit Ethernet Controller) driver allows local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service through resource exhaustion by failing to unregister fixed-rate clocks allocated during device probe, resulting in memory and clock resource depletion. EPSS exploitation probability is minimal at 0.02%, indicating low real-world risk despite CVSS score of 5.5. Patch versions are available across all supported kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0).

A denial of service vulnerability in the Linux kernel's mlx5 (Mellanox/NVIDIA) network driver causes a kernel panic when switchdev mode initialization fails during rollback to legacy mode. A local unprivileged user on systems with affected mlx5 hardware can trigger improper netdevice unregistration, leading to a kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12070 and system crash. The vulnerability affects multiple stable kernel versions; vendor-released patches are available.

Double-free vulnerability in Linux kernel X.25 networking subsystem allows remote network attackers to potentially achieve denial of service or arbitrary code execution. The flaw occurs in x25_queue_rx_frame when socket buffer allocation fails, causing the same skb to be freed twice through the call chain from x25_backlog_rcv. Despite critical CVSS 9.8 score, exploitation probability remains low (EPSS 2%, 7th percentile) with no confirmed active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) and no public exploit code identified. Patches available across all supported kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0).

Denial of service in Linux kernel eBPF subsystem allows local attackers with standard privileges to crash the system by attaching sleepable eBPF kprobe_multi programs that invoke non-sleepable contexts. The vulnerability exists because bpf_kprobe_multi_link_attach() fails to validate the sleepable flag before program attachment, permitting sleepable helpers like bpf_copy_from_user() to execute in atomic RCU contexts, triggering kernel panics with 'sleeping function called from invalid context' errors. EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.02%, suggesting practical exploitation barriers despite local network access requirements.

Linux kernel BPF verifier incorrectly prunes execution paths due to imprecise state tracking in atomic fetch operations, allowing local attackers to bypass security checks in eBPF programs. The verifier's backtracking logic fails to mark stack slots as precise when BPF_ATOMIC instructions with BPF_FETCH modify both memory and destination registers, causing two legitimately different program states to be incorrectly considered equivalent during path pruning. Vendor patches available in kernel versions 6.19.12 and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low probability of mass exploitation, though successful exploitation grants high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact per CVSS 7.8.

A use-after-free resource management flaw in the Linux kernel's Qualcomm AI accelerator (QAIC) driver allows local authenticated users to cause denial of service and potentially escalate privileges. When a DBC (Device Binding Context) owner process terminates before handling device-initiated deactivation messages, the kernel fails to release DBC resources, causing subsequent activation attempts to hang indefinitely and creating exploitable resource state inconsistencies. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions 6.4 through 6.19.12, with vendor patches available across multiple stable branches (6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified.

Out-of-bounds memory read in Linux kernel io_uring subsystem allows local authenticated users to leak kernel memory or trigger denial of service. The vulnerability exists in io_uring's fixed buffer import logic when registering zero-length buffer regions, causing the bvec skip logic to read beyond allocated slab memory. Patches available across stable kernel branches (6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates low likelihood of widespread exploitation. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), no public POC identified at time of analysis.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (tps53679) Fix array access with zero-length block read i2c_smbus_read_block_data() can return 0, indicating a zero-length read. When this happens, tps53679_identify_chip() accesses buf[ret - 1] which is buf[-1], reading one byte before the buffer on the stack. Fix by changing the check from "ret < 0" to "ret <= 0", treating a zero-length read as an error (-EIO), which prevents the out-of-bounds array access. Also fix a typo in the adjacent comment: "if present" instead of duplicate "if".

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: stm32-ospi: Fix resource leak in remove() callback The remove() callback returned early if pm_runtime_resume_and_get() failed, skipping the cleanup of spi controller and other resources. Remove the early return so cleanup completes regardless of PM resume result.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/xe/xe_pagefault: Disallow writes to read-only VMAs The page fault handler should reject write/atomic access to read only VMAs. Add code to handle this in xe_pagefault_service after the VMA lookup. v2: - Apply max line length (Matthew) (cherry picked from commit 714ee6754ac5fa3dc078856a196a6b124cd797a0)

A denial-of-service vulnerability in the Linux kernel's DRM/XE PXP (Protected Execution) driver causes an infinite loop when a restart flag is not cleared after a jump operation, allowing local authenticated users to hang or crash the system. The vulnerability affects multiple kernel versions through a logic error in the pxp_start function that was resolved in stable patches for Linux 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: amlogic: spifc-a4: unregister ECC engine on probe failure and remove() callback aml_sfc_probe() registers the on-host NAND ECC engine, but teardown was missing from both probe unwind and remove-time cleanup. Add a devm cleanup action after successful registration so nand_ecc_unregister_on_host_hw_engine() runs automatically on probe failures and during device removal.

Out-of-bounds memory read in Linux kernel's Intel PMU (Performance Monitoring Unit) handling allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to potentially access sensitive kernel memory, modify data, or cause system crashes. The flaw occurs when perf auto counter reload groups contain software events, triggering an unsafe container_of operation that can dereference memory outside valid bounds. EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.02%, 4th percentile), and no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis. Patches available for kernel versions 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/ioc32: stop speculation on the drm_compat_ioctl path The drm compat ioctl path takes a user controlled pointer, and then dereferences it into a table of function pointers, the signature method of spectre problems. Fix this up by calling array_index_nospec() on the index to the function pointer list.

Out-of-bounds read in Linux kernel iwlwifi driver allows adjacent network attackers to disclose sensitive kernel memory or trigger denial of service without authentication. The vulnerability affects the iwlwifi wireless driver's network detection match handler function, where insufficient packet length validation enables memcpy to read beyond allocated buffer boundaries. EPSS probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile) and no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV). Vendor patches available across multiple kernel stable branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0).

Stack buffer out-of-bounds read in Linux kernel ALSA snd_usb_caiaq driver allows local authenticated users to disclose kernel stack memory and potentially trigger denial of service. The vulnerability affects systems with USB audio devices using the caiaq driver when product names contain many non-ASCII characters. Present since kernel v2.6.31-rc1 (June 2009), this 16-year-old off-by-one error lacks null terminator validation during whitespace stripping. EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0).

Denial of service in the Linux kernel ALSA ctxfi audio driver allows local authenticated attackers to crash the system via improper error handling in the daio_device_index() function. The ctxfi driver failed to validate return values from index mapping operations, enabling a local user with standard privileges to trigger an unhandled error condition that disables audio functionality or causes system instability.

Integer overflow in Linux kernel io_uring subsystem allows local authenticated users to trigger slab-out-of-bounds memory reads and denial of service. The vulnerability stems from improper type casting of user-supplied length values in network bundled receive/send operations, where values exceeding INT_MAX cause negative overflow leading to infinite loops and out-of-bounds array access. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low probability of widespread exploitation. Vendor patches available for affected stable kernel branches (6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0), making this a straightforward patching priority for systems running vulnerable versions with io_uring enabled.

Incorrect authentication labeling in Linux kernel's Bluetooth SMP legacy pairing allows adjacent attackers to bypass security controls and gain high-level access without proper authentication. The flaw affects the Short Term Key (STK) derivation in Just Works/Confirm pairing modes, where keys are incorrectly marked as authenticated even when Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) protection was not established. With CVSS 8.8 (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), this enables adjacent network attackers to exploit Bluetooth pairing flows without authentication. EPSS score of 0.05% suggests low widespread exploitation likelihood. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0).

Out-of-bounds memory read in Linux kernel Bluetooth HCI event processing allows adjacent network attackers to disclose kernel memory or trigger denial of service without authentication. The vulnerability stems from premature wake reason storage before per-event payload length validation, enabling crafted short HCI event frames to reach bacpy() operations before bounds checking. EPSS score is low (0.02%, 6th percentile) with no evidence of active exploitation or public POC at time of analysis. Vendor patches available for kernel versions 5.10+ through 6.19.12 and mainline 7.0.

Improper Direct Memory Access (DMA) handling in the Linux kernel's ti-adc161s626 Industrial I/O (IIO) analog-to-digital converter driver allows local attackers with low privileges to trigger memory corruption or information disclosure. The vulnerability stems from using stack-allocated memory for SPI read operations instead of DMA-safe buffers, violating SPI subsystem requirements. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel versions (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates very low exploitation probability, and no public exploits or active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) have been identified.

Division-by-zero denial of service in Linux kernel's Intel i915 DRM driver when loading on certain machines with DSC (Display Stream Compression) enabled in command mode. The driver incorrectly applies horizontal timing adjustments based on compression ratio in command mode, causing line_time_us to become zero and triggering a kernel panic. Affects Linux kernel versions 5.6 and later; patch available via stable kernel releases.

Denial of service in the Linux kernel's mpu3050 gyroscope driver allows local authenticated attackers to crash the system via incorrect IRQ handler cleanup during module unload. A mismatch between the registered IRQ handler (mpu3050->trig) and the handler passed to free_irq() (mpu3050) causes improper cleanup, leading to resource leaks and potential kernel panic when the device is removed or the driver is unloaded. No public exploit code identified; patch available across affected kernel series.

Resource leak in the Linux kernel MPU3050 gyro driver allows local authenticated users to cause denial of service through memory exhaustion by repeatedly triggering iio_trigger_register() failures that fail to release previously allocated interrupt handlers. The vulnerability affects multiple kernel versions and requires local access with unprivileged user privileges, resulting in potential system availability impact with low real-world exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.02%).

Race condition in the Linux kernel MPU3050 gyroscope driver allows local attackers with low privileges to potentially achieve code execution, data corruption, or information disclosure. The vulnerability stems from premature registration of the IIO device before complete initialization in the probe function, creating a window where userspace can interact with incompletely configured hardware. While CVSS rates this 7.8 HIGH with local attack vector, EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates extremely low probability of active exploitation. Patches available across all maintained kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). No evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) or public proof-of-concept code.

Memory leak in the Linux kernel's GPIB lpvo_usb driver allows local authenticated users to cause a denial of service through resource exhaustion by repeatedly connecting and disconnecting USB devices, as the driver fails to release USB device references during interface enumeration. The EPSS score of 0.02% indicates minimal real-world exploitation risk despite the moderate CVSS 5.5 severity, reflecting the combination of local-only access requirement, authentication need, and the niche nature of GPIB USB device usage.

Double-free memory corruption in Linux kernel USB ULPI subsystem allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to potentially achieve arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or information disclosure. The flaw exists in ulpi_register_interface() error handling since kernel 4.2 (commit 289fcff4b), where device_register() failure triggers cleanup via put_device() followed by redundant kfree(), corrupting kernel memory. Patches available across stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% suggests low likelihood of mass exploitation despite high CVSS 7.8, likely due to local attack vector and requirement for device registration failure conditions.

Use-after-free condition in Linux kernel USB Test and Measurement Class (USBTMC) driver allows local authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. The vulnerability occurs when the usbtmc_release function fails to properly flush pending anchored URBs, leaving dangling references that can be exploited in the HCD giveback path. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel versions (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0). Despite the high CVSS score of 7.8, the EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.02% (7th percentile), indicating limited real-world targeting, and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified.

A memory leak in the Linux kernel's USB misc usbio driver allows local attackers with low privileges to cause a denial of service by exhausting kernel memory through repeated USB device probe failures. The vulnerability arises when usb_submit_urb() fails during device initialization, leaving allocated URB structures unreleased and accumulating with each failed probe attempt.

Denial of service in Linux kernel USB dwc2 gadget driver allows local authenticated users to trigger a deadlock via improper spin lock handling in dwc2_hsotg_udc_stop(). The vulnerability stems from a locking protocol violation where dwc2_gadget_exit_clock_gating() expects a held lock but is called without one, causing spin_unlock on an unheld lock followed by a lock held indefinitely, resulting in system hang. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Denial of service in Linux kernel bridge module via malformed IPv6 Neighbor Discovery options allows local authenticated attackers to crash the system by crafting packets with invalid ND option lengths that cause memory access violations in the br_nd_send() function. The vulnerability affects kernel versions 4.15 and later across multiple stable branches. EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.02%, reflecting the requirement for local authenticated access and low attack complexity.

Memory leak in Linux kernel comedi subsystem allows local privileged users to exhaust kernel memory and cause denial of service. The vulnerability exists in do_cmd_ioctl() where chanlist memory is not properly freed when runflags is not set following an exceptional exit, due to incomplete reference counting logic introduced in commit 4e1da516debb. CVSS 5.5 (local, low complexity, requires user privilege) with EPSS 0.02% indicates this is a lower-priority local DoS affecting systems with comedi driver loaded and untrusted local users.

Memory leak in Linux kernel s390/zcrypt subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to exhaust memory resources by repeatedly using CCA cards as accelerators for clear key RSA requests (ME and CRT operations). The vulnerability stems from incomplete refactoring where AP message allocations via ap_init_apmsg() are not properly freed in two code paths, causing heap memory exhaustion over time and enabling denial of service on s390 systems with CCA cryptographic hardware.

Double-free memory corruption in the Linux kernel reset-gpio subsystem allows local authenticated users to escalate privileges or crash the system. The vulnerability exists in reset_add_gpio_aux_device() error handling since commit 5fc4e4cf7a22, where auxiliary_device_uninit() triggers a release callback that frees memory, but the error path then calls kfree() on the same pointer. Patches available for kernel versions 6.19.12+ and 7.0+. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low probability of widespread exploitation. Not listed in CISA KEV; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Memory corruption in the Linux kernel virtual terminal (vt) subsystem allows local authenticated users to trigger kernel crashes and potentially escalate privileges. When a console switches to an alternate screen and then gets resized, the saved Unicode buffer retains stale dimensions. Upon returning to the primary screen, operations like screen clearing (csi_J) access memory out of bounds using current dimensions against the old buffer, causing kernel oops. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 4th percentile), no active exploitation confirmed, but vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.x, 6.18.x, 6.19.x).

Denial of service via runtime PM usage count underflow in the rz-mtu3-cnt counter driver allows local privileged users to disable hardware counters and trigger kernel warnings by repeatedly writing to the sysfs enable file. Multiple writes of the same value (0 or 1) to the enable attribute cause the runtime PM reference count to become misaligned with actual hardware state, leading to register access with clocks disabled and potential PWM channel conflicts. EPSS exploitation probability is minimal (0.02%) despite local access requirement, indicating this is primarily a local reliability issue rather than a remote attack vector.

Denial of service in Linux kernel counter driver (rz-mtu3-cnt) allows local attackers with low privileges to crash the system by exploiting a race condition where counter and PWM sub-drivers overwrite a shared device pointer, causing incorrect runtime power management operations. The vulnerability affects kernel versions prior to specific patch levels across the 6.x and 7.x branches, with EPSS exploitation probability of 0.02% indicating low real-world exploitation likelihood despite the availability of a vendor patch.

Denial of service in Linux kernel VXLAN module allows local authenticated attackers to crash the system via malformed IPv6 neighbor discovery options in vxlan_na_create(). A crafted ND option with incorrect length values can cause out-of-bounds access or undersized payload reads, triggering a kernel panic. EPSS exploitation probability is low at 0.02%, but the vulnerability is confirmed patched across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12).

Memory leaks in the ftgmac100 Ethernet driver's ring allocation function allow local authenticated users to cause a denial of service through resource exhaustion on driver initialization failure. The vulnerability is triggered when ftgmac100_alloc_rings() fails during intermediate allocation stages, returning directly without freeing previously allocated resources (rx_skbs, tx_skbs, rxdes, txdes, rx_scratch). This affects Linux kernel versions prior to fixes released in stable branches 5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0.

Linux kernel IOMMU page table unmapping operations fail to invalidate extended memory regions when unmapping lands mid-entry in large/contiguous mappings, causing stale TLB entries. Affects kernel 6.19 through pre-7.0 versions with IOMMU subsystem enabled. Local authenticated attackers with low privileges can potentially access unmapped memory or escalate privileges by exploiting incomplete invalidations during IOMMU unmap operations. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests minimal real-world exploitation likelihood. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though vendor acknowledges theoretical risk is low as 'nothing relies on unmapping a large entry.' Vendor-released patches available for stable branches.

Denial of service in Linux kernel scheduler extension (sched_ext) allows local privileged attackers to crash systems by triggering incorrect task migration validation. The vulnerability exists in the is_bpf_migration_disabled() function, which fails to correctly identify migration-disabled tasks on non-PREEMPT_RCU configurations, potentially dispatching such tasks to remote CPUs and triggering kernel errors in task_can_run_on_remote_rq(). EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.02%, but CVSS 5.5 indicates local attackers with standard user privileges can cause denial of service.

Resource leaks in the Linux kernel GPIO subsystem allow local attackers with low privileges to cause denial of service through memory exhaustion during gpiochip initialization error handling. The vulnerability arises from improper reference counting in gpiochip_add_data_with_key() after device initialization, where error paths fail to release device references, leading to memory not being freed on function failure. CVSS 5.5 with EPSS 0.02% indicates low real-world exploitation probability despite local attack vector.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel thermal subsystem allows local attackers with low privileges to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or crash the system. The vulnerability stems from race conditions between thermal zone removal and power management resume operations, where delayed work items can continue executing after thermal zone objects are freed. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests low probability of mass exploitation despite high CVSS severity. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.12.83, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0) via upstream commits. No active exploitation confirmed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.

Double-free memory corruption in the Linux kernel's fastrpc driver allows local attackers with low privileges to achieve high-impact code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service. The vulnerability occurs when fastrpc_init_create_static_process() fails to nullify a freed heap pointer (cctx->remote_heap) in its error path, enabling fastrpc_rpmsg_remove() to free the same memory twice during device removal. Patches available across kernel versions 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, with no active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.

Denial of service in the Linux kernel USB gadget ECM (Ethernet Control Model) driver allows local authenticated attackers to crash the system by exploiting improper net_device lifecycle management during bind and unbind cycles. When the gadget device unbinds, the network device survives with dangling sysfs symlinks, causing kernel issues when accessed or when the device tree is traversed. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions prior to patches released in 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0.

Denial of service in Linux kernel USB gadget EEM function allows local privileged attackers to crash the system by triggering a dangling sysfs symlink condition during gadget device unbind cycles. The vulnerability arises from improper net_device lifecycle management when the parent gadget device is destroyed while the network device persists, resulting in kernel panic or system instability. CVSS 5.5 reflects local privilege requirement (PR:L) and high availability impact, with EPSS at 0.02% percentile indicating minimal real-world exploitation probability despite patch availability.

USB gadget subsystem net_device lifecycle mismanagement in Linux kernel allows local privileged users to cause denial of service through sysfs corruption. The f_subset gadget function creates dangling sysfs symlinks when unbinding due to improper device reparenting, resulting in inaccessible network device references and potential system instability. A local user with sufficient privileges can trigger unbind/rebind cycles to exhaust resources or corrupt the sysfs filesystem state.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: gadget: f_rndis: Fix net_device lifecycle with device_move The net_device is allocated during function instance creation and registered during the bind phase with the gadget device as its sysfs parent. When the function unbinds, the parent device is destroyed, but the net_device survives, resulting in dangling sysfs symlinks: console:/ # ls -l /sys/class/net/usb0 lrwxrwxrwx ... /sys/class/net/usb0 -> /sys/devices/platform/.../gadget.0/net/usb0 console:/ # ls -l /sys/devices/platform/.../gadget.0/net/usb0 ls: .../gadget.0/net/usb0: No such file or directory Use device_move() to reparent the net_device between the gadget device tree and /sys/devices/virtual across bind and unbind cycles. During the final unbind, calling device_move(NULL) moves the net_device to the virtual device tree before the gadget device is destroyed. On rebinding, device_move() reparents the device back under the new gadget, ensuring proper sysfs topology and power management ordering. To maintain compatibility with legacy composite drivers (e.g., multi.c), the borrowed_net flag is used to indicate whether the network device is shared and pre-registered during the legacy driver's bind phase.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: gadget: f_hid: move list and spinlock inits from bind to alloc There was an issue when you did the following: - setup and bind an hid gadget - open /dev/hidg0 - use the resulting fd in EPOLL_CTL_ADD - unbind the UDC - bind the UDC - use the fd in EPOLL_CTL_DEL When CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST was enabled, a list_del corruption was reported within remove_wait_queue (via ep_remove_wait_queue). After some debugging I found out that the queues, which f_hid registers via poll_wait were the problem. These were initialized using init_waitqueue_head inside hidg_bind. So effectively, the bind function re-initialized the queues while there were still items in them. The solution is to move the initialization from hidg_bind to hidg_alloc to extend their lifetimes to the lifetime of the function instance. Additionally, I found many other possibly problematic init calls in the bind function, which I moved as well.

Permissive CORS policy in MeTube up to version 2026.04.09 allows remote attackers to bypass same-origin restrictions by exploiting wildcard origin acceptance (cors_allowed_origins='*') in the on_prepare function of app/main.py, potentially enabling cross-domain data theft or unauthorized API access. The vulnerability requires user interaction (UI:P) but grants information disclosure via cross-domain requests. Publicly available exploit code exists; upgrade to 2026.04.10 fixes the issue by restricting origins to a configurable allowlist.

Weak password recovery in D-Link M60 up to version 1.20B02 allows remote attackers to compromise device authentication through manipulation of the /usr/bin/httpd binary, requiring high attack complexity but with publicly disclosed exploit code available. The vulnerability enables information disclosure and potential unauthorized access to device management functions despite the low CVSS score of 2.9 reflecting limited confidentiality impact.

Heap-based out-of-bounds read in Open CASCADE Technology V8_0_0_rc5 OBJ file parser allows local attackers to cause denial of service or leak sensitive memory contents when victims open malicious OBJ files. The vulnerability stems from missing buffer length validation in RWObj_Reader::read() after Standard_ReadLineBuffer::ReadLine() returns minimal 1-byte buffers, leading to unsafe memory access at aLine + 2. EPSS data not available; no confirmed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept identified at time of analysis. Requires user interaction, limiting automated exploitation potential.

Out-of-bounds read in Open CASCADE Technology V8_0_0_rc5 VRML parser allows denial of service when processing crafted VRML files with invalid coordIndex values. The vulnerability exists in VrmlData_IndexedLineSet::TShape geometry processing, where array indices are used without bounds validation, enabling local attackers with user interaction to crash applications through malformed input.

Heap-based out-of-bounds reads in Open CASCADE Technology (OCCT) V8_0_0_rc5 STL ASCII parser allow local attackers to trigger denial of service or disclose process memory by convincing users to open maliciously crafted STL files with extremely short lines. The vulnerability stems from improper length validation of buffers returned by Standard_ReadLineBuffer::ReadLine() before strncasecmp operations or direct byte access in RWStl_Reader::ReadAscii. CVSS score of 7.1 reflects high confidentiality and availability impact requiring user interaction. No public exploit code, active exploitation (CISA KEV), or vendor patch information identified at time of analysis, though technical details are publicly available via GitHub Gist.

Authenticated admin users in V2Board through version 1.7.4 can exploit unsanitized sort parameters in the user management interface to disclose sensitive database information including password hashes and authentication tokens through ORDER BY-based information disclosure. The vulnerability requires admin privileges and does not enable data modification or service disruption, but allows attackers with administrative access to extract confidential user data by analyzing sort order patterns.

V2Board through version 1.7.4 exposes sensitive server authentication tokens via GET parameters in the UniProxy API endpoint, causing tokens to be recorded in web server access logs, browser history, HTTP Referer headers, and intermediary proxies. An attacker who obtains access to any log source can extract the token and impersonate a proxy server node, potentially intercepting all user traffic passing through that node.

Stack-based out-of-bounds read in Open CASCADE Technology (OCCT) V8_0_0_rc5 VRML parser allows local attackers with low privileges to cause denial of service by submitting a crafted VRML file. The vulnerability stems from unsafe pointer arithmetic in the quoted-string escape handler that reads past a fixed-size stack buffer without bounds validation. CISA SSVC assessment indicates exploitation is not currently active and not readily automatable, suggesting this is a localized attack requiring user interaction with malicious files.

Out-of-bounds memory read in openxc/isotp-c ISO-TP Single Frame handler allows adjacent network attackers to trigger denial of service or extract sensitive information via malicious CAN frames. The vulnerability exists in all versions through commit 5a5d19245f65 (August 2021) and stems from unchecked use of a 4-bit payload length field directly as memcpy buffer size. EPSS data unavailable; no CISA KEV listing indicates no confirmed widespread exploitation, though publicly available technical analysis exists (GitHub Gist reference).

Integer underflow in Open-SAE-J1939 library's transport protocol handler enables remote unauthenticated attackers to corrupt arbitrary memory locations via manipulated CAN frame sequence numbers. CVSS 9.8 reflects network-accessible attack surface with no authentication barriers, though exploitation requires deployment in CAN-connected environments (industrial control systems, automotive networks). EPSS data unavailable; SSVC indicates total technical impact with automated exploitation potential but no confirmed active exploitation.

Open CASCADE Technology (OCCT) V8_0_0_rc5 contains multiple out-of-bounds read vulnerabilities and infinite recursion flaws in its IGES and STEP file parsers that can be triggered by maliciously crafted CAD files, resulting in denial of service or memory disclosure. Local attackers with low privilege can exploit these issues without user interaction by supplying crafted IGES or STEP files to applications using OCCT. EPSS-based risk assessment indicates moderate exploitation probability; CISA SSVC framework rates this as non-automated with partial technical impact (denial of service and information disclosure).

Route Services in Cloud Foundry Routing Release v0.118.0-v0.371.0 and CF Deployment v0.0.2-v54.14.0 allow authenticated malicious developers to bypass application egress rules by configuring route-services that redirect traffic to internal network destinations otherwise unreachable from external networks or the application itself. This affects the scope of the routing infrastructure, enabling information disclosure and potential lateral movement within the Gorouter network.

IBM watsonx.data versions 2.2 through 2.3 fail to enforce proper network segmentation between Kubernetes pods in the Lakehouse component, allowing attackers with network access to the cluster to transfer data between pods without authentication or authorization controls. This integrity vulnerability has a moderate CVSS score of 5.3 and requires adjacent network access and specific configuration conditions to exploit.

IBM watsonx.data intelligence versions 5.2.0, 5.2.1, 5.3.0, and 5.3.1 store user credentials in plain text within local filesystem locations, allowing any local user to read sensitive authentication material without authentication. This information disclosure vulnerability affects confidentiality but not integrity or availability, and requires local filesystem access to exploit.

Format string injection in Notepad++ 8.9.3 Find Results panel handler allows local attackers to cause denial of service and disclose stack memory by distributing malicious nativeLang.xml language pack files that trigger unsafe format string interpretation during search operations. User interaction is required to load the poisoned language pack and perform a search. No active exploitation confirmed, but patch is available from vendor.

Local privilege escalation in Absolute Secure Access Windows client versions prior to 14.50 allows authenticated local attackers to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level by sending malformed API data. The vulnerability stems from an arbitrary read/write flaw in the client's API handling. Vendor patch is available (version 14.50). EPSS score not available for this recent CVE; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and not currently listed in CISA KEV.

Out-of-bounds read in Absolute Secure Access macOS client prior to version 14.50 allows remote attackers with control of a modified server to send malformed packets triggering denial of service. The vulnerability requires high attack complexity (modified server infrastructure and user interaction) and results in availability impact only, with a low CVSS score of 2.3 reflecting limited real-world severity despite network accessibility.

Format string vulnerability in Secure Access client for macOS prior to version 14.50 allows authenticated local attackers to leak sensitive data from process memory via crafted logging input, potentially exposing secrets through log files. The vulnerability requires local access and valid user privileges but no user interaction. Patch is available from the vendor.