Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessDeliver crafted PowerShell content to victim
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ExploitVictim runs script or module
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ExecutionUntrusted input subverts security decision
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ImpactExecute arbitrary code as user
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Trusted input validation
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires user interaction (UI:R): the victim must perform an action such as running an attacker-supplied PowerShell script/module or opening attacker-controlled input that PowerShell evaluates when making a security decision (CWE-807). No prior authentication is needed (PR:N) and the attack is network-delivered (AV:N) with low complexity (AC:L). Limiting factors: the required user action is the primary barrier, so purely passive or unattended server-side exploitation is not indicated, and the exact feature or configuration invoking the vulnerable security decision is not specified in the advisory and should be verified against the Microsoft update guide. |
| Impact | Signals are moderately consistent and point to a genuine priority, though not an emergency. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, base 8.8) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated flaw with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, tempered only by the required user interaction (UI:R). CWE-807 (reliance on untrusted inputs in a security decision) combined with the 'Authentication Bypass' tag suggests attacker-controlled input subverts a trust/security check in Windows PowerShell, resulting in code execution. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC were provided, so the live-exploitation signal is currently absent: there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active exploitation. Practical risk is therefore driven by the product's enormous footprint and the high technical impact rather than by any confirmed exploitation. Net: treat as a high-priority patch given ubiquitous deployment and high impact, but the lack of KEV/EPSS/POC means this is not yet confirmed to be under attack - monitor for emerging exploit code. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker lures a victim into running or loading attacker-influenced content in PowerShell (for example a crafted script, module, or remote data source), where untrusted input subverts a security decision and causes code to execute with the victim's privileges. Because UI:R is set, success depends on that user action; because PR:N is set, the attacker needs no prior authentication. No public exploit code is known at time of analysis. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 13, 2026
Unauthorized remote code execution in Microsoft Windows PowerShell (CVE-2026-85817) stems from the engine relying on attacker-influenced data when making a security decision (CWE-807), allowing an unauthenticated network attacker to bypass that check and execute code in the context of the affected user. Exploitation requires user interaction (UI:R per the CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H vector) - typically the victim running an attacker-supplied script or module, or opening content that PowerShell evaluates while deciding whether to trust it - so unattended server-side compromise is not indicated. Microsoft has shipped fixes in its update guide, and no public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation was identified at time of analysis; the 8.8 base score reflects full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact once the required user action occurs.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: install the current Microsoft cumulative update branch that carries the fixed builds listed for CVE-2026-85817 - for example 10.0.26100.9711 for Windows 11 24H2/25H2 and 10.0.26100.33650 for Windows Server 2025, 10.0.22631.7652 for Windows 11 23H2, 10.0.19044.7807 for Windows 10 21H2/22H2, 10.0.17763.9376 for Windows 10 1809/Server 2019, 10.0.14393.9612 for Windows 10 1607/Server 2016, 10.0.20348.5761 for Windows Server 2022, 6.3.9600.23470 for Server 2012 R2, and 6.2.9200.26434 for Server 2012 - and confirm the applicable build against the MSRC update guide at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-85817, since the 26H1/26H2 branches use separate build numbers (10.0.28000.3231 and 10.0.26300.9711). Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 are past end of mainstream support, so organizations on those platforms should treat the listed build as the last available fix and plan migration. Until patching completes, compensating controls should target the user-interaction precondition and the PowerShell execution surface: apply PowerShell Constrained Language Mode or AppLocker/WDAC script rules to restrict which scripts, modules, and unsigned content can execute (side effect: legitimate administrative automation may break and must be allow-listed), block execution of PowerShell content delivered from untrusted network locations such as email attachments and web downloads via Mark-of-the-Web and attachment/URL filtering (side effect: none material, but it does not stop internally sourced payloads), and reduce reliance on any trust or policy check that processes externally supplied values. Note that the advisory does not name the specific vulnerable decision point, so the above controls are defense-in-depth and not a confirmed substitute for the vendor patch; no public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation was identified at time of analysis, giving defenders a normal patch-cycle window rather than an emergency response.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 20 packages in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The root cause class is CWE-807, Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision: instead of treating input as data, a security-relevant decision point in Windows PowerShell accepts values that an attacker can influence, so the decision (for example a trust, policy, or execution-gating check within PowerShell's scripting and module-loading pipeline) can be steered to the attacker's advantage. Because the flaw lives in the PowerShell component shipped with the operating system rather than in a standalone application, the exposure footprint is the entire patch-level of Windows: affected CPE/build data spans Windows 10 (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, and the 26H1/26H2 branches at 10.0.28000.x and 10.0.26300.x), and Windows Server 2012, 2012 R2, 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025, including Server Core installations. The network attack vector combined with no required privileges (PR:N) means the attacker does not need an account on the target; the binding constraint is the user-interaction step (UI:R) that feeds the malicious input into the vulnerable decision path. Notably, the advisory does not identify the specific cmdlet, feature, or configuration that invokes the untrusted-input decision, so the exact abuse primitive should be confirmed against the Microsoft update guide and the patched binaries before building detection logic.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Network-delivered, low-complexity, unauthenticated code execution gated by required user interaction (UI:R), with full high impact to C/I/A and no scope change.
Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).
CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Reliance on untrusted inputs in a security decision in Windows PowerShell allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Executive ViewAI
A high-severity remote code execution vulnerability in Microsoft Windows PowerShell (CVE-2026-85817) allows an unauthenticated network attacker to execute code with the privileges of a signed-in user, but only after that user opens or runs attacker-supplied content such as a script or module. The practical risk is concentrated on end-user workstations and privileged accounts rather than unattended servers, yet a successful attack grants full access to the data and systems available to the compromised user, making administrative and developer populations the priority. Microsoft has released fixes, and no public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation was identified at time of analysis, so the exposure is mainly unpatched endpoints within the remediation window.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
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GHSA-h3f7-hh53-x397
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB