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IBM Db2 EUVDEUVD-2026-97764

| CVE-2026-78404 MEDIUM
Improper Privilege Management (CWE-269)
2026-10-12 ibm GHSA-5hf4-gxwr-65h4
6.5
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: ibm
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain low-privileged local account on Db2 host
  2. Exploit
    Invoke db2pd utility abusing improper privilege management
  3. Execution
    Cross security boundary (scope change)
  4. Impact
    Access elevated/confidential resources

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Least privilege enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires a pre-existing low-privileged local account (AV:L, PR:L) on a host running a vulnerable IBM Db2 instance (11.5.0-11.5.9 or 12.1.0-12.1.5), plus the ability to execute the db2pd monitoring/diagnostic utility. Exploitation is strictly local - there is no remote attack path and no victim user interaction is needed. Limiting factors: the attacker must already have authenticated local shell access to the database server, so the flaw is not reachable by remote or unauthenticated actors and is most relevant on shared or multi-tenant Db2 hosts; applying the vendor patch removes the condition.

Impact

This is a moderate-severity, real-but-not-urgent issue. The vendor CVSS vector (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N, base 6.5) describes a local-only vulnerability: the attacker must already possess a low-privileged local account (AV:L/PR:L) but needs no user interaction and faces low attack complexity, and the changed scope (S:C) indicates the flaw lets the attacker cross a security boundary - consistent with the described privilege escalation via the db2pd utility. No EPSS score, SSVC decision, KEV listing, or POC was provided in the input, so there is no signal of active or probable exploitation; exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' Note a conflict worth flagging: the title and CWE-269 describe a privilege escalation, yet the vendor impact metrics are C:H/I:N/A:N (confidentiality-only, no integrity or availability impact), which is unusual for a true privilege-escalation outcome where an attacker typically also gains the ability to modify or disrupt - verify the precise impact with IBM advisory node 7291612. Because exploitation requires pre-existing local access, this is a defense-in-depth priority (patch in normal cycles, prioritize multi-user/shared Db2 hosts) rather than an emergency; the absence of EPSS/KEV/POC data does not prove low risk, only that no exploitation signal was supplied.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A low-privileged local user on a server running a vulnerable IBM Db2 instance invokes the db2pd diagnostic utility in a way that abuses improper privilege management, allowing them to access resources or privileges across a security boundary (scope change) beyond their own account. No remote access and no user interaction by a victim are required, but the attacker must already have a local foothold. No public exploit code was identified in the provided data.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 12, 2026

Local privilege escalation in IBM Db2 11.5.0-11.5.9 and 12.1.0-12.1.5 allows an authenticated low-privileged user on the database host to abuse the db2pd monitoring and diagnostic utility to gain privileges beyond those they legitimately hold. Exploitation requires pre-existing local shell access and the ability to run db2pd, so the flaw is not reachable remotely or by unauthenticated actors; it matters most on shared, multi-tenant, or otherwise privileged-access Db2 servers. Our independent assessment rates the true impact higher than IBM's published CVSS 6.5, scoring it CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H; no public exploit code has been identified and the issue is not confirmed as actively exploited (not in CISA KEV), though a vendor patch is available and should be applied to remove the condition.

RemediationAI

Primary fix: a vendor patch is available - IBM documents the remediation for this issue at https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7291612, and the supplied data does not specify an exact fixed version string, so consult that IBM advisory to identify the correct fix pack or special build for each affected release (11.5.0-11.5.9 and 12.1.0-12.1.5) and apply it promptly. Where immediate patching is not possible, apply targeted compensating controls rather than generic hardening: first, restrict filesystem execute permission on the db2pd binary to the Db2 instance owner, the DAS/DBA administrative group, and any explicitly trusted monitoring accounts (e.g. remove world/group execute bits), accepting that this degrades routine troubleshooting and lock/memory diagnostics for non-DBA staff who currently rely on it; second, minimize the number of local OS accounts on Db2 hosts and remove or disable shared and service accounts, since the flaw is only reachable with pre-existing low-privileged shell access - the trade-off is reduced operational flexibility on shared hosts; third, isolate multi-tenant or shared Db2 instances onto dedicated hosts or containers so that unrelated low-privileged users are never co-resident with a production instance; fourth, enable auditing/OS logging for db2pd invocations and for changes to privileged Db2 files to detect post-exploitation abuse, at the cost of additional log volume and review effort. None of these controls fully substitutes for the vendor patch, and the vendor fix should be treated as the only complete removal of the condition.

Affected VersionsENISA

DB2 12.1.0 ≤12.1.5
DB2 11.5.0 ≤11.5.9

Affected Packages

euvd db2 no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerable component is db2pd, the command-line monitoring and diagnostic utility shipped with IBM Db2 that DBAs use to inspect instance memory, locks, transactions, and configuration state. Because db2pd is designed to reach into instance-level internals, it sits on a trust boundary between ordinary local OS users and the Db2 instance owner/DAS account; CWE-269 (Improper Privilege Management) describes the root cause class here, i.e. the utility does not correctly enforce or drop privileges, letting a caller act with more authority than intended. Both IBM's vector and our independent assessment carry Scope:Changed (S:C), confirming that the impact crosses the security boundary of the vulnerable component rather than staying within it. The two assessments diverge on the impact triad: IBM published CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N (6.5), treating the outcome as information disclosure only, while our independent assessment scores C:H/I:H/A:H to reflect that privilege escalation via a diagnostic utility can also permit tampering with instance files and disruption of the database service, which is the more conservative planning assumption. The attack surface is strictly local (AV:L) with low complexity (AC:L), low privileges required (PR:L), and no user interaction (UI:N), meaning the prerequisite is an existing low-privileged local account on a host running an affected Db2 release.

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Severity by source

Vendor (ibm) PRIMARY 6.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
vuln.today AI 8.8 HIGH

Local authenticated access to run db2pd gives AV:L/PR:L/AC:L; a genuine privilege escalation (CWE-269) crossing to the DB/OS context implies S:C with full C:H/I:H/A:H, unlike the vendor's confidentiality-only impact.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (ibm).

CVSS VectorVendor: ibm

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
Oct 12, 2026 - 20:22 NVD
6.5 (MEDIUM)
CVE Published
Oct 12, 2026 - 18:39 cve.org
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)
CVE Published
Oct 12, 2026 - 18:39 nvd
MEDIUM 6.5

DescriptionCVE.org

IBM Db2 11.5.0 through 11.5.9, and 12.1.0 through 12.1.5 is vulnerable to a local privilege escalation via the db2pd utility.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 98% exploitable
Prevalence
High
widely deployed enterprise database across many corporate environments
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

32
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +32
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.

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