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Zebra EUVDEUVD-2026-97668

| CVE-2026-109366 MEDIUM
Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value (CWE-354)
2026-10-12 VulnCheck GHSA-mprq-2cjh-7qc2
6.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulnCheck
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Connect as unauthenticated gossip peer
  2. Delivery
    Serve real block with coinbase scriptSig forged to height 1
  3. Exploit
    ZIP-244 hash still validates, block flagged behind-tip
  4. Execution
    Node drops block before consensus validation
  5. Impact
    Delay tip discovery for mining backends

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Integrity verification
Exploitation Conditions

The attacker must be an unauthenticated inbound gossip peer (PR:N) and must obtain a genuine, freshly-mined block and rewrite its coinbase scriptSig to encode height 1 while keeping the valid ZIP-244 block hash, then deliver it during the block-propagation window - the CVSS AT:P reflects this timing-and-crafting requirement. Exploitation is LIMITED to Zebra versions before 6.4.0 and its effect is bounded to availability (VA:L): it delays tip discovery for mining backends and forces no-penalty dropping of new blocks, with no code execution, no data disclosure, and no scope change to other systems.

Impact

The provided CVSS 4.0 vector (6.3, Medium) describes a network-reachable (AV:N), low-complexity (AC:L), unauthenticated (PR:N) flaw requiring no user interaction (UI:N) but carrying an Attack Requirement (AT:P), indicating exploitation depends on specific conditions such as serving the forged block within the block-propagation window. The only impact is Low availability on the vulnerable system (VA:L); confidentiality and integrity impacts are explicitly N, and there is no scope change (SC/SI/SA:N). No EPSS score, CISA KEV listing, POC, or SSVC decision data was supplied, so exploitation-probability and automatability cannot be quantified - absence of these is not evidence of safety but limits confidence. This is realistically a targeted availability/consensus-disruption issue (delayed tip discovery for mining backends), not a high-impact RCE or data-exposure bug, so it is a moderate, mining-operator-specific concern rather than a broad emergency priority. CONFLICT TO NOTE: the input Tag 'Information Disclosure' directly contradicts the CVSS vector (VC:N - no confidentiality impact); the actual effect is availability/integrity-of-chain-state, so the tag appears mislabeled and should not drive triage.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A malicious node peers with a Zebra instance over the normal gossip protocol and serves a genuine, recently-mined block whose coinbase scriptSig has been rewritten to encode height 1 while preserving the valid ZIP-244 block hash. Zebra treats the block as behind-tip and drops it before consensus validation, so the node and any mining backends relying on it experience delayed tip discovery. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; the attack requires timing the forged block to the propagation window (reflected by AT:P).

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 12, 2026

Zebra versions prior to 6.4.0 improperly validate the integrity of gossiped blocks, allowing an unauthenticated inbound peer to force the node to drop legitimate new blocks without penalizing the attacker. By rewriting a genuine block's coinbase scriptSig to height 1 while preserving the valid ZIP-244 block hash, an attacker can trigger a behind-tip drop before consensus validation, delaying tip discovery for mining backends. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the effect is limited to availability with no code execution or data disclosure.

RemediationAI

Upgrade to Zebra 6.4.0 or later, which fixes the improper integrity validation in the inbound gossip download path. The vendor patch is referenced in the security advisory GHSA-4f6v-mj46-gxg3. If immediate upgrade is not possible, operators should be aware that the vulnerability requires an attacker to be an inbound gossip peer; limiting connections to trusted peers may reduce exposure but harms network connectivity and is not a complete mitigation. There are no known configuration workarounds that fully address the issue without applying the patch.

Affected VersionsENISA

zebra 0 <6.4.0

Affected Packages

euvd zebra fix: 6.4.0

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Zebra is a Zcash node implementation that participates in the Zcash peer-to-peer network. The inbound gossip download path handles incoming block announcements and block data from peers. ZIP-244 defines a transaction identifier (txid) that does not commit to the scriptSig of inputs, meaning the block hash (derived from the merkle root of these txids) remains unchanged even if the coinbase scriptSig is modified. Zebra's block acceptance logic includes an early check that uses the coinbase scriptSig height to quickly discard blocks deemed behind the current tip, before full consensus validation. CWE-354 (Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value) arises because the block hash does not bind to the coinbase scriptSig height, enabling an attacker to present a block that appears behind the tip while actually containing valid consensus data. This bypasses the expected penalty mechanism for peers serving invalid blocks and delays the node's discovery of new tips.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulnCheck) PRIMARY 6.3 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 3.7 LOW

Remote unauthenticated gossip peer (AV:N/PR:N), but AC:H because exploitation needs a valid fresh block forged and timed to the propagation window; impact is availability-only (A:L), no C/I.

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

1
Patch available
Oct 12, 2026 - 18:03 EUVD

DescriptionCVE.org

Zebra before 6.4.0 contains an improper integrity validation vulnerability in the inbound gossip download path that allows unauthenticated peers to force dropping of new blocks without penalty. Attackers can serve a real block with a coinbase scriptSig rewritten to height 1, which keeps the ZIP-244 block hash, triggering a behind-tip drop before consensus validation and delaying tip discovery for mining backends.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 96% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche Zcash full-node implementation, limited to Zcash ecosystem operators
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

32
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +32
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

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