Skip to main content

Zcash Zebra EUVDEUVD-2026-91438

| CVE-2026-104427 HIGH
Incomplete Cleanup (CWE-459)
2026-10-02 VulnCheck GHSA-3c42-fjf2-4p66
8.2
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulnCheck
View

Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Connect as P2P peer to target Zebra node
  2. Delivery
    Craft coinbase-malleated block colliding on canonical hash
  3. Exploit
    Deliver before canonical block propagates
  4. Execution
    Poison parent_error_map in state write task
  5. Impact
    Next canonical block rejected, sync stalls ~2000 blocks

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Incomplete cleanup
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the attacker to act as a network peer and deliver a coinbase-malleated block that shares a legitimate canonical block's hash to the target Zebra node BEFORE the canonical block propagates - a race-condition timing window reflected in AC:H and AT:P. No authentication is required (PR:N, unauthenticated peers), and no user interaction is needed (UI:N), but the narrow pre-propagation timing window and the need to produce a hash-colliding malleated block materially limit reliable, on-demand exploitation. Impact is confined to availability: the node stalls synchronization for roughly 2,000 blocks; there is no confidentiality or integrity impact. Affects all Zebra versions before 6.1.0; upgrading to 6.1.0 remediates.

Impact

The CVSS 4.0 vector (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N) describes a network-reachable, unauthenticated flaw whose only impact is availability (VA:H; VC:N/VI:N/VA:H), i.e. a denial-of-service chain-stall rather than any data exposure or integrity loss. Two metrics meaningfully dampen the 8.2 score in practice: AC:H and AT:P indicate the attacker must win a timing race, delivering a coinbase-malleated block that shares a canonical block's hash BEFORE that canonical block propagates - a non-trivial, non-repeatable-on-demand condition. There is no EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no POC referenced in the provided data, so this is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; the risk is theoretical-but-credible, not actively exploited. CONFLICT TO NOTE: the input Tags include 'Information Disclosure', which directly contradicts the CVSS vector (VC:N, confidentiality impact is None) and the description (a synchronization stall) - this is a mislabeling, not an information-disclosure bug. Net: a genuine availability/integrity-of-sync concern for Zebra operators worth patching to 6.1.0, but the attack-complexity and timing prerequisites make opportunistic mass exploitation unlikely; prioritize based on node criticality rather than treating it as an internet-wide emergency.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A malicious peer on the Zcash P2P network crafts a block that is coinbase-malleated yet collides on the canonical block's hash, and races to deliver it to a target Zebra node before the legitimate canonical block propagates. The poisoned parent_error_map entry then causes the node to reject the next canonical block, stalling synchronization for roughly 2,000 blocks. No public exploit code is referenced, and the required pre-propagation timing window (AC:H/AT:P) makes reliable exploitation difficult.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.

Alert me

AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 02, 2026

Denial of service in the Zcash Foundation's Zebra full node before 6.1.0 lets remote unauthenticated peers stall node synchronization by poisoning the stale parent_error_map used by the state write task, after which the next canonical block is rejected for roughly 2,000 blocks. Exploitation is gated by a narrow race window: the attacker must act as a network peer and deliver a coinbase-malleated block that shares a legitimate canonical block's hash before that canonical block propagates, an AC:H/AT:P timing condition, so reliable on-demand abuse is materially limited. Impact is availability-only (CVSS 4.0 8.2, VA:H with no confidentiality or integrity effect), unauthenticated per the PR:N vectors, and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available in Zebra 6.1.0.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: upgrade Zebra to 6.1.0, which contains the cleanup fix for the state write task; the fix is documented in the GitHub security advisory GHSA-8gxx-hc65-vv82, with supporting detail in VulnCheck's advisory at https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zebra-before-6.1.0-chain-stall-via-stale-parent-error-map-entry. Update promptly on any internet-facing or peer-exposed node, and verify the running binary reports 6.1.0 or later after restart, since the poisoned parent_error_map entries live in memory and a restart alone will clear a stalled state without preventing re-triggering. If upgrading cannot be done immediately, reduce exposure by restricting peer connectivity to a trusted allowlist-for example using Zebra's peer-connection configuration to dial only known-good peers and refusing inbound connections-accepting the trade-off that this narrows peer diversity, can slow block discovery, and weakens the node's contribution to the network; a node with no inbound listening port is harder to reach but still attackable by a malicious node it chooses to connect to. Operators should also monitor logs for repeated canonical-block rejections or a prolonged sync stall and treat them as a signal of exploitation, and can restart the node to recover availability, but these are containment measures rather than fixes and do not address the incomplete cleanup that enables the attack.

Affected VersionsENISA

zebra 0 <6.1.0

Affected Packages

euvd zebra fix: 6.1.0

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Zebra is the Rust implementation of a Zcash consensus full node, and the flaw sits in the state write task that tracks block-validation bookkeeping. Root cause is CWE-459 (incomplete cleanup): entries written into the parent_error_map keyed by block hash are not purged when the corresponding block ceases to be relevant, leaving a persistent stale record. Because the map is hash-keyed, an attacker-supplied coinbase-malleated block that collides with the hash of a legitimate canonical block can seed an erroneous entry that is later applied to the canonical block arriving after it, causing that block-and therefore chain extension-to be rejected. The result is a synchronization stall of approximately 2,000 blocks rather than a consensus split or data compromise. Exposure tracks CPE cpe:2.3:a:zcashfoundation:zebra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* and covers all pre-6.1.0 builds; the vulnerability is reachable from the peer-to-peer network layer, meaning any node that accepts connections from untrusted peers is in scope, while the attacker needs only coinbase malleability and the pre-propagation timing advantage rather than credentials or user action.

Know when Zebra gets its next vulnerability

  • Watch products and get an email when something new is published
  • Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

No credit card · 7-day full trial

Severity by source

Vendor (VulnCheck) PRIMARY 8.2 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 5.9 MEDIUM

Unauthenticated network peer (AV:N/PR:N) but a pre-propagation timing race drives AC:H; impact is a sync stall only, so C:N/I:N/A:H.

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Oct 02, 2026 - 12:02 EUVD
CVE Published
Oct 02, 2026 - 11:38 cve.org
HIGH 8.2

DescriptionCVE.org

Zebra before 6.1.0 contains an incomplete cleanup vulnerability in the state write task that allows remote unauthenticated peers to stall node synchronization by poisoning parent_error_map. Attackers can deliver a coinbase-malleated block sharing a canonical block's hash before it propagates, causing the next canonical block to be rejected and stalling the node for roughly 2,000 blocks.

Technical POC Analysis

Note on identifiers: the supplied evidence is GHSA-8gxx-hc65-vv82, which rates this Moderate (CVSS 3.1 5.9, AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) and records "No known CVE".

Full technical POC analysis - root cause, step-by-step exploitation and patch breakdown - is part of the Pro and Business plans.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A high-severity availability flaw in the Zcash Foundation's Zebra full node software (versions prior to 6.1.0) allows any unauthenticated network peer to stall node synchronization, causing the node to reject the next valid block for an extended period of roughly 2,000 blocks. Organizations operating Zebra nodes for Zcash transaction validation, exchange deposits/withdrawals, custody, or mining infrastructure could experience prolonged synchronization outages that delay settlement and block-processing operations. The attack requires a narrow timing race, so opportunistic abuse is limited, but the vendor has released a fix and the exposure is fully avoidable through timely upgrade.

Business Impact: Medium
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 79% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
Zebra is a niche Zcash-only node implementation, cryptocurrency-specific footprint
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

41
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +41
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

More in Zebra

View all
CVE-2026-44499 HIGH POC
8.7 May 08

Remote denial-of-service in Zebra (Zcash node implementation) versions prior to 4.4.0 allows unauthenticated attackers t

CVE-2020-10875 HIGH POC
7.5 Mar 23

Motorola FX9500 devices allow remote attackers to conduct absolute path traversal attacks, as demonstrated by PL/SQL Ser

CVE-2021-32089 CRITICAL
9.8 May 11

An issue was discovered on Zebra (formerly Motorola Solutions) Fixed RFID Reader FX9500 devices. Rated critical severity

CVE-2026-109363 HIGH
8.7 Oct 12

Remote, unauthenticated denial of service in Zcash Foundation's Zebra full node: versions 6.4.0 through 6.4.1 abort when

CVE-2026-104431 HIGH
8.7 Oct 02

Unauthenticated denial of service in Zebra (Zcash Foundation's full node implementation) before 6.0.0 allows remote peer

CVE-2026-104430 HIGH
8.7 Oct 02

Remote unauthenticated attackers can cause a consensus divergence in Zcash Zebra nodes (zebrad 4.5.0 and zebra-script 7.

CVE-2026-104423 HIGH
8.7 Oct 02

Zcash Foundation's Zebra full node (zebrad) before 6.2.1 can be stalled in block verification by any unauthenticated pee

CVE-2026-104422 HIGH
8.7 Oct 02

Block-sync denial of service in Zebra (zebrad), the Rust implementation of a Zcash full node, affects all versions befor

CVE-2026-104437 HIGH
8.3 Oct 02

Consensus divergence in Zebra Zcash nodes before 4.4.0 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to craft V5 transparent t

CVE-2026-104435 HIGH
8.3 Oct 02

Zcash Zebra nodes running zebrad 4.4.0 or zebra-script 6.0.0 incorrectly accept V5 transparent transactions in which a S

CVE-2026-104426 HIGH
8.2 Oct 02

Denial of service in the Zcash Foundation's Zebra full node implementation before 6.1.0 allows an unauthenticated remote

CVE-2019-10960 HIGH
7.5 Aug 20

Zebra Industrial Printers All Versions, Zebra printers are shipped with unrestricted end-user access to front panel opti

This site uses cookies essential for authentication and security. No tracking or analytics cookies are used. Privacy Policy