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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain valid device user credentials
  2. Delivery
    Connect to device web management interface over network
  3. Exploit
    Craft malicious POST to /index.php/ajax/parameterManage
  4. Execution
    Inject shell metacharacters in parameter value
  5. Persist
    PHP passes unsanitized input to OS shell
  6. Impact
    Execute arbitrary commands as root

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires valid user-level credentials to the device web management interface (PR:L per CVSS vector - operator or higher account). The /index.php/ajax/parameterManage endpoint must be network-reachable, typically via the device's management Ethernet port. All firmware versions appear affected (CPE wildcards with no version bounds). Exploitation is limited by: mandatory possession of a valid device account, network-layer reachability to the HTTP/HTTPS management service, and standard OT practice of isolating IO-Link Masters on dedicated industrial network segments. Internet-facing deployment would substantially elevate risk. The three CERTVDE advisories suggest the same vulnerable PHP codebase is present across all named OEM variants, so the credential-plus-reachability prerequisite applies uniformly.

Impact

The CVSS 8.8 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) is well-calibrated for this vulnerability: it is network-reachable, low-complexity, and requires only device user-level credentials. The S:U (unchanged scope) is appropriate since the target is the device itself. Full C:H/I:H/A:H impact reflects root-level command execution, which enables complete device takeover, firmware modification, and potential disruption of IO-Link-connected sensors and actuators. EPSS score is not provided; KEV status is not confirmed. No public exploit has been identified. Three separate CERTVDE advisories covering distinct vendor families suggest broad firmware-level reuse of the vulnerable codebase, amplifying the realistic affected footprint. Real-world exploitation risk is elevated for devices exposed on flat or poorly segmented networks, but is meaningfully reduced by the requirement for valid device credentials and typical OT network controls that restrict management interface access.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who has obtained low-privileged device credentials - through credential stuffing, default password use, or insider access - sends a crafted HTTP POST to /index.php/ajax/parameterManage with shell metacharacters embedded in a parameter value (e.g., a semicolon-separated command). The PHP backend passes the unsanitized value directly to an OS shell function, executing attacker-controlled commands as root. This grants full device control, enabling firmware replacement, configuration exfiltration, or use of the device as a pivot point into connected OT network segments. No public POC has been identified at time of analysis.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 2.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 16, 2026

Command injection in Pepperl+Fuchs ICE2/ICE3 IO-Link Master devices (and OEM variants from Phoenix Contact and others) allows a low-privileged authenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges via the PHP-based /index.php/ajax/parameterManage endpoint. The flaw is tracked across three CERTVDE advisories (VDE-2026-014, VDE-2026-027, VDE-2026-028), indicating the vulnerable firmware is shared across multiple vendor rebrand families. No public exploit has been identified and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

Consult the three CERTVDE advisories for vendor-specific firmware updates: Pepperl+Fuchs products via VDE-2026-014 (https://www.certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2026-014/), and additional OEM vendor products via VDE-2026-027 (https://www.certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2026-027/) and VDE-2026-028 (https://www.certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2026-028/). No specific patched firmware version is confirmed from available data - verify exact fix versions directly with the advisory. As compensating controls pending patch: restrict the device web management interface to a dedicated management VLAN accessible only from trusted jump hosts via firewall ACLs; disable remote HTTP/HTTPS management if local-only configuration is operationally acceptable; audit all device accounts and remove or restrict unnecessary user-level credentials; and monitor IO-Link Master devices for unexpected outbound connections or anomalous process activity.

Affected VersionsENISA

YL212CEI8M1IO 1.0.0 <1.7.4
YL212CPN8M1IO 1.0.0 <1.7.4
ICE3-8IOL-K45S-RJ45 1.0.0 <1.7.4
ICE2-8IOL-G65L-V1D 1.0.0 <1.7.4
ICE3-8IOL-G65L-V1D-Y 1.0.0 <1.7.4
ICE2-8IOL1-G65L-V1D 1.0.0 <1.7.4
ICE2-8IOL-K45S-RJ45 1.0.0 <1.7.4
ICE3-8IOL1-G65L-V1D 1.0.0 <1.7.4
YN115CPN8RPIO 1.0.0 <1.7.4
ICE3-8IOL-K45P-RJ45 1.0.0 <1.7.4
IOL MA8 EIP DI8 1.0.0 <1.7.4
ICE3-8IOL-G65L-V1D 1.0.0 <1.7.4
IOL MA8 PN DI8 1.0.0 <1.7.4
ICE2-8IOL-K45P-RJ45 1.0.0 <1.7.4
YN115CEI8RPIO 1.0.0 <1.7.4

Affected Packages

euvd ice2_8iol1_g65l_v1d fix: 1.7.4
euvd ice2_8iol_g65l_v1d fix: 1.7.4
euvd ice2_8iol_k45p_rj45 fix: 1.7.4
euvd ice2_8iol_k45s_rj45 fix: 1.7.4
euvd ice3_8iol1_g65l_v1d fix: 1.7.4
euvd ice3_8iol_g65l_v1d fix: 1.7.4
euvd ice3_8iol_g65l_v1d_y fix: 1.7.4
euvd ice3_8iol_k45p_rj45 fix: 1.7.4
euvd ice3_8iol_k45s_rj45 fix: 1.7.4
euvd iol_ma8_eip_di8 fix: 1.7.4
euvd iol_ma8_pn_di8 fix: 1.7.4
euvd yl212cei8m1io fix: 1.7.4
euvd yl212cpn8m1io fix: 1.7.4
euvd yn115cei8rpio fix: 1.7.4
euvd yn115cpn8rpio fix: 1.7.4

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 15 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Pepperl+Fuchs ICE2 and ICE3 series are 8-port IO-Link Master devices used in industrial automation to bridge IO-Link sensor/actuator networks to Ethernet-based fieldbuses (PROFINET, EtherNet/IP). The devices run an embedded Linux platform with a PHP-based web management interface. CWE-78 (OS Command Injection) indicates the /index.php/ajax/parameterManage AJAX endpoint passes user-supplied parameter values to OS shell functions (e.g., shell_exec, system(), or passthru()) without adequate sanitization, enabling injection of shell metacharacters. The resulting commands execute at root privilege level, indicating no privilege separation between the web server process and the underlying OS. CPE entries cover ICE2-8IOL variants (G65L, K45P, K45S form factors) and ICE3-8IOL variants, plus Phoenix Contact IOL-MA8-PN-DI8; all CPE entries carry wildcard version qualifiers, implying all known firmware versions are affected.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (CERTVDE) PRIMARY 8.8 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 8.8 HIGH

Low-privilege network credentials required; no interaction needed; root command execution yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the device.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (CERTVDE).

CVSS VectorVendor: CERTVDE

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Sep 16, 2026 - 09:16 EUVD
CVE Published
Sep 16, 2026 - 07:49 cve.org
HIGH 8.8

DescriptionCVE.org

A low-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /index.php/ajax/parameterManage endpoint using user credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Pepperl+Fuchs ICE2/ICE3 IO-Link Master devices and Phoenix Contact OEM variants contain a remote command injection vulnerability (CVSS 8.8) allowing authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands as root. This affects industrial control infrastructure with no vendor-released patch currently available, creating significant risk to production systems and requiring immediate mitigation.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: network segregation and air-gapping of affected IO-Link Master devices from untrusted networks; disable or restrict access to PHP-based management interfaces; implement strict IP whitelisting for authorized administration; deploy network intrusion detection to monitor for exploitation attempts targeting the parameterManage endpoint; maintain active vendor engagement with Pepperl+Fuchs and Phoenix Contact to track patch availability and deployment dates.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
2.1%
Top 19% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche industrial IO-Link Master devices for OT/factory automation
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 2.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

46
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +2
CVSS: +44
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

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