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PHP EUVDEUVD-2026-77673

| CVE-2026-46696 LOW
Improper Privilege Management (CWE-269)
2026-09-14 https://github.com/octobercms/october GHSA-xv9m-fm3w-8w5x
3.3
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: https://github.com/octobercms/october
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Least privilege enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Monitor Track and reassess. Why: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 15, 2026

Privilege escalation in October CMS 3.x and 4.x lets an authenticated backend user who holds CMS markup editing rights break out of the Twig Safe Mode sandbox and impersonate an existing superuser. The bypass chains two weaknesses: the Laravel session store is handed to Twig templates with unrestricted method access, and raw SQL methods (selectRaw, whereRaw, orderByRaw, joinSub) leak through Eloquent's __call forwarding so a template can run arbitrary queries and then overwrite the admin_auth session key. Publicly available exploit code exists, but exploitation requires cms.safe_mode to be explicitly enabled, a deliberately untrusted markup editor account, and a pre-existing superuser whose session can be forged — a combination that October CMS states does not occur in standard production deployments.

Affected VersionsENISA

System < 3.7.17
System 4.0.0, < 4.2.23

Affected Packages

composer october/system fix: 3.7.17, 4.2.23
euvd system fix: 3.7.17, 4.2.23

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 2 packages in composer, euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (https://github.com/octobercms/october) PRIMARY 3.3 LOW
AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Primary rating from Vendor (https://github.com/octobercms/october) · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorVendor: https://github.com/octobercms/october

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Sep 14, 2026 - 19:03 EUVD
CVE Published
Sep 14, 2026 - 16:02 cve.org
LOW 3.3

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability was identified in the Twig sandbox security policy that allowed a chained bypass when cms.safe_mode is enabled. The Laravel session store was exposed to Twig with unrestricted method access, and raw SQL methods reachable through Eloquent's __call forwarding were not blocked across the full builder chain. When combined, a backend user with CMS markup editing access could read arbitrary database values via raw SQL expressions and write to the backend authentication session key, forging a backend session as another existing user.

Scope of impact is narrow. Safe Mode is a niche feature, primarily used for demo installations and multi-tenant or shared-editor scenarios where untrusted users are deliberately granted access to the CMS markup editor. Standard production deployments do not enable Safe Mode, because under normal October CMS guidance backend access - including markup editing - is restricted to trusted administrators, and direct PHP injection through markup is already possible without Safe Mode in that configuration.

This issue only affects sites that meet all of the following conditions:

  • cms.safe_mode is enabled (a deliberate opt-in for demos or untrusted-editor scenarios)
  • The site has at least one backend user with CMS markup editing access who is not intended to be trusted as a full administrator
  • The site has at least one existing superuser account whose session the lower-privileged user can impersonate

Impact

  • Arbitrary read access to database tables, including superuser persistence codes from backend_users, via raw SQL expressions reachable through Eloquent\Model, Eloquent\Builder, or any allowlisted class that __call-forwards to a query builder
  • Forgery of a backend authentication session by writing to the admin_auth session key from a Twig template, allowing a markup editor to impersonate an existing superuser
  • Requires authenticated backend access with CMS markup editing permission AND cms.safe_mode enabled
  • Not exploitable when Safe Mode is disabled (direct PHP injection through markup is already possible in that configuration, so Safe Mode is the boundary this issue affects)

Patches

The vulnerability has been patched in v3.7.17 and v4.2.21. The Laravel session store is now wrapped in a proxy that exposes only an explicit subset of read/write methods and rejects writes to reserved session key prefixes (admin_auth, october_auth, login_*, _token, and other framework internals). Raw SQL and subquery methods (selectRaw, whereRaw, orderByRaw, joinSub, and related) are now blocked on Query\Builder, Eloquent\Builder, and Eloquent\Model so the blocklist is consistent across the __call forwarding chain. All sites that enable cms.safe_mode are encouraged to upgrade to the latest patched version.

Workarounds

If upgrading immediately is not possible:

  • Restrict CMS markup editing access to fully trusted administrators only - the standard October CMS recommendation for any deployment
  • Note that disabling cms.safe_mode is not a workaround; Safe Mode is the boundary this issue affects, and disabling it removes the only sandbox between markup editors and the server

References

  • Reported by r00tn0b0dy

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 88% exploitable
Threat Intel
1
1 source
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment GHSA GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity LOW
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Low
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

36
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +16
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.

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