Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessIdentify router management interface
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DeliverySend unauthenticated POST to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi
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ExploitInvoke getOnlineClient action
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ExecutionReceive full connected-client inventory
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ImpactEnumerate devices for targeted follow-on attacks
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Access control enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | No authentication is required - the CVSS PR:N metric confirms this. The attacker must have network reachability to the router's HTTP management interface (typically TCP port 80 or 8080). If the management interface is exposed on the WAN interface (non-default but seen in misconfigured deployments), exploitation is possible from the internet with no local access. If management is restricted to the LAN only (the typical default), the attacker must have LAN access such as a wired or wireless connection to the router's network. No special firmware configuration, feature enablement, or user interaction is required beyond network reachability. Exploitation is strictly read-only and limited to client list disclosure; no write capability or code execution is exposed by this specific endpoint. |
| Impact | The NVD-assigned CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N, score 7.5) assigns high confidentiality impact, which likely overstates real-world harm. The getOnlineClient function returns network client inventory data - device presence, MAC addresses, IP assignments - rather than administrative credentials, configuration secrets, or cryptographic material; C:L more accurately reflects this scope. The EPSS score of 0.18% (7th percentile) strongly indicates the vulnerability is not being exploited at scale, consistent with coordinated researcher disclosure of a vulnerability class rather than opportunistic threat actor activity. The absence from CISA KEV and the lack of confirmed POC further reduce operational urgency. Primary real-world risk is network reconnaissance: an attacker can silently enumerate all connected devices without any interaction from the router's users, enabling targeted follow-on attacks. If the management interface is WAN-exposed (non-default but not uncommon in misconfigured deployments), internet-based exploitation is trivial. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who can reach the router's HTTP management interface sends a POST request to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi with the getOnlineClient action specified in the body, supplying no authentication credentials or session token. The router responds with a list of all currently connected clients, including their MAC addresses, IP addresses, and hostnames. Armed with this device inventory, the attacker can identify high-value targets on the network and plan tailored follow-on attacks against specific connected systems. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 01, 2026
Unauthenticated online client enumeration in TOTOLINK T6 firmware 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 exposes connected device information to any attacker who can reach the router's HTTP management interface. The getOnlineClient function within the /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi CGI dispatcher applies no access control, so a crafted POST request returns the router's live client inventory without credentials. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the EPSS score sits at 0.18% (7th percentile), indicating this is not being exploited at scale - consistent with a batch of researcher-coordinated disclosures across multiple T6 CGI endpoints rather than active threat actor campaigns.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch has been independently confirmed for this vulnerability at time of analysis. Operators should monitor the TOTOLINK firmware download page (https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu_listtpl/download/id/190/ids/36.html) for firmware releases newer than 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. As an immediate compensating control, verify that WAN-side management interface access is disabled in the router's configuration, which limits exposure to LAN-adjacent attackers only and significantly narrows the attack surface. If the device supports ACL-based restrictions on the management port, restrict access to explicitly trusted administrator hosts. Given the breadth of access-control failures documented across multiple T6 CGI functions in this firmware, operators relying on this device for security-sensitive environments should consider replacement with a currently supported model.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
TOTOLINK T6 is a consumer and SOHO wireless router. Firmware 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 exposes its management functions through a single CGI endpoint at /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi, which dispatches to named handler functions based on POST body parameters. The getOnlineClient function retrieves the router's table of currently connected clients, typically containing MAC addresses, assigned IP addresses, device hostnames, and connection state. CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) is the root cause: the handler executes the data retrieval without first validating any session token, cookie, or credential, a structural flaw that recurs across numerous TOTOLINK T6 CGI functions in this firmware release. The CPE string in the input data (cpe:2.3:a:n/a:n/a) is an NVD placeholder and does not identify the affected product; the correct vendor is totolink and the correct product identifier is t6.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
getOnlineClient returns client inventory (MACs, IPs, hostnames), not credentials or config secrets, so C:L more accurately reflects the actual disclosure scope than C:H.
Primary rating from Vendor (mitre).
CVSS VectorVendor: mitre
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
Incorrect access control in the getOnlineClient function of TOTOLINK T6 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 allows unauthenticated attackers to obtain online client information via sending a crafted POST request to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi.
Executive ViewAI
TOTOLINK T6 router firmware version 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 contains an unauthenticated device enumeration vulnerability allowing remote attackers to discover which devices are currently connected to the network without credentials. This enables reconnaissance for targeted follow-up attacks and undermines the network's confidentiality baseline. Organizations should immediately audit TOTOLINK T6 deployment and restrict management interface access.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: restrict HTTP/HTTPS management interface access to trusted administrative IP ranges via firewall ACLs, disable remote management, implement VLAN segmentation for router management traffic, monitor HTTP logs for enumeration attempts, and require VPN access for out-of-office administrative connections. These controls prevent attacker access to the /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi endpoint pending vendor patch availability.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
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EUVD-2026-67907
GHSA-q4r7-ff4v-586q
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB