Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessCraft malicious directory path input
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ExploitExploit path validation bypass in parser
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ImpactAccess restricted user data via filesystem
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Access control enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Remote unauthenticated exploitation. Affects iOS/iPadOS versions below 18.7.7 and 26.4, macOS Sequoia below 15.7.5, Sonoma below 14.8.5, Tahoe below 26.4, and visionOS below 26.4. An app with local file system access can exploit the path validation flaw to access sensitive user data. |
| Impact | Without published CVSS vector details or EPSS scores, risk assessment relies on available signals: Apple's coordinated release of patches across six separate security bulletins (references 126792-126796, 126799) indicates high organizational priority and acknowledgment of real exploitation risk. The information disclosure tag and multi-platform, multi-version scope suggest this affects the core OS rather than a specific application, amplifying exposure. The absence of a disclosed POC or KEV status does not diminish risk, as Apple typically withholds such details for critical path-based vulnerabilities. From an SSVC perspective, exploitation appears technically feasible given that unprivileged applications can trigger path parsing logic, the impact is straightforward (sensitive data disclosure), and patches are available. Organizations should treat this as a high-priority patch given the breadth of affected products and the fundamental nature of the vulnerability in OS-level path handling. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A malicious application could craft specially formatted file path requests that bypass Apple's path validation logic, allowing it to read sensitive files outside its sandbox boundaries such as user keychain data, contacts, medical records, or files from other applications' containers. The attacker would likely craft the exploit within an app submitted to the App Store or distributed through enterprise channels, then trigger the path traversal when a user grants minimal permissions (such as general app usage). Once the path validation flaw is exploited, the app gains access to sensitive user data without additional user interaction or explicit privilege escalation, making this a high-impact information disclosure vector applicable to both consumer and enterprise users. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Mar 25, 2026
Improper path validation in Apple's operating systems (iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and visionOS) allows applications to bypass directory access restrictions and read sensitive user data without user interaction. An attacker with a malicious app could exploit this parsing weakness to access confidential information across affected Apple devices. No patch is currently available, though Apple has released fixed versions across its product line.
Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
A path parsing vulnerability in Apple operating systems allows improper validation of directory paths, potentially enabling applications to access sensitive user data without proper authorization. The vulnerability affects iOS 18.7.7 and earlier, iPadOS 18.7.7 and earlier, iOS 26.4 and earlier, iPadOS 26.4 and earlier, macOS Sequoia 15.7.5 and earlier, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5 and earlier, macOS Tahoe 26.4 and earlier, and visionOS 26.4 and earlier. While no CVSS score, EPSS score, or active KEV status has been publicly disclosed, Apple has issued patches across multiple platforms indicating recognition of real-world risk.
RemediationAI
Immediately upgrade all affected Apple devices to the patched versions: iOS and iPadOS 18.7.7 or 26.4, macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4, or visionOS 26.4. Enable automatic security updates via Settings > General > Software Update > Automatic Updates on iOS/iPadOS, System Settings > General > Software Update on macOS, and equivalent settings on visionOS to ensure continuous protection. Until patching is complete, restrict installation of untrusted applications, review application permissions via Settings, and monitor system logs for suspicious file access patterns. For enterprise environments, prioritize mobile device management (MDM) enforcement of immediate updates and consider restricting app installation to curated application catalogs until patch deployment is complete across all devices.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 3 packages in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of file system directory paths during parsing operations within Apple's operating system kernel or system libraries responsible for file access control. This represents a classic path traversal or insufficient input validation issue (likely related to CWE-22 or similar path-based weaknesses). The affected CPE identifiers include apple:ios_and_ipados, apple:macos, and apple:visionos across multiple versions, indicating the flaw exists at a fundamental level affecting all applications on these platforms that rely on standard file system access mechanisms. The parsing defect allows malicious or compromised applications to manipulate path constructs to bypass intended access control boundaries, potentially accessing files and directories outside their designated sandbox or entitlement scope.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
A parsing issue in the handling of directory paths was addressed with improved path validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.7 and iPadOS 18.7.7, iOS 26.4 and iPadOS 26.4, macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4, visionOS 26.4. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.
Executive ViewAI
CVE-2026-28876 is a high-severity path validation flaw affecting iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and visionOS that enables malicious applications to circumvent directory access controls and exfiltrate sensitive user data without user consent. This vulnerability directly threatens confidentiality of personal and business information across Apple's entire ecosystem, creating material risk for organizations deploying these devices.
Apply vendor patch. Until patches are deployed: enforce MDM policies to prohibit installation of apps from untrusted sources; disable sideloading on iOS/iPadOS via Configuration Profiles; restrict user permissions and implement application allowlisting for mission-critical devices; monitor device logs for suspicious file access patterns.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
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