Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessCraft email with quote characters in link text
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DeliveryDeliver message to victim mailbox
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ExploitVictim opens message in Kerio Connect Webmail
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ExecutionAuto-formatter breaks out of href attribute
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ImpactSpoofed link target or injected HTML rendered in session
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | The victim must read email using the Kerio Connect Webmail interface (the browser-based client whose auto-formatter re-processes link text); the attacker crafts an email whose link text contains quote characters so the formatter breaks out of the href attribute while re-processing text already inside a link. Attacker-side prerequisite is only the ability to send email to the victim (PR:N, no authentication to the target). Limiting factors: exploitation requires active user interaction (UI:A) - the victim must open the crafted message in Webmail - so users on desktop/IMAP clients that do not use this Webmail auto-formatter are not exposed, and impact is scoped to HTML injection/link spoofing within the victim's Webmail session rather than server-side compromise. Affected versions are Kerio Connect before 10.0.9 Patch 2. |
| Impact | This is a genuine but moderate-priority issue, not a high-severity emergency. The vendor-supplied CVSS 4.0 vector (5.1, Medium) is internally consistent with the description: AV:N (email delivered over the network), AC:L, AT:N, PR:N (any remote sender can craft the email without authentication to the target), but UI:A - active user interaction is required because a victim must open the crafted message in the Kerio Connect Webmail client before the auto-formatter mishandles the quoted link text. Impact is confined to the subsequent system (the victim's Webmail session: SC:L/SI:L) with no direct confidentiality, integrity or availability impact to the mail server itself (VC/VI/VA:N), matching an HTML-injection/link-spoofing flaw rather than server compromise. The priority decision label is 'this_month', not act_now or emergency. There is no CISA KEV listing (not actively exploited per CISA), no EPSS score was supplied, and no public exploit code is identified - only a VulnCheck advisory and a vendor release page are referenced. Weighing these signals together: the unauthenticated network-reachable vector is offset by the mandatory victim interaction and the limited, session-scoped impact, so this is a real but containable client-side injection issue appropriate for routine scheduled patching rather than out-of-band response. No key signals conflict; the main gap is the absence of EPSS data to gauge exploitation probability. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A remote attacker sends a victim an email containing a link whose visible link text includes quote characters. When the victim opens the message in Kerio Connect Webmail, the auto-formatter re-processes the already-linked text and breaks out of the href attribute, letting the attacker spoof the link's real destination or inject arbitrary HTML into the rendered message. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis; a VulnCheck advisory describes the flaw. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 28, 2026
HTML injection in GFI Kerio Connect Webmail before 10.0.9 Patch 2 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to spoof link destinations or inject arbitrary markup into rendered messages by sending an email whose link text contains quote characters, breaking the auto-formatter out of the href attribute. Exploitation requires the victim to open the crafted message in the Webmail interface, so impact is scoped to the victim's Webmail session rather than server compromise; no public exploit was identified at time of analysis. The issue is moderate priority with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 5.1, and vendor patch 10.0.9 Patch 2 is available.
RemediationAI
Upgrade Kerio Connect to 10.0.9 Patch 2, the vendor-released fix; the vendor release page is https://gfi.ai/resource/kerioconnect-product-releases/ and the VulnCheck advisory is https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gfi-kerioconnect-9p2-html-injection-via-link-auto-formatter. The supplied references do not document a separate workaround, so the complete remediation is applying the patched release. Until then, the assessment notes that exposure is limited to users reading the crafted message in Kerio Connect Webmail; clients that do not invoke the Webmail auto-formatter are not exposed, so prioritize Webmail users for upgrade.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Kerio Connect is a mail server whose browser-based Webmail client includes an auto-formatter that re-processes text already inside a link. The flaw is CWE-79 (improper neutralization of input during web page generation), specifically missing attribute-context encoding: when a message's link text contains quote characters, the formatter breaks out of the href attribute and treats the remaining link text as markup. The affected CPE is cpe:2.3:a:gfi_usa,_llc:gfi_kerioconnect:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, covering versions before 10.0.9 Patch 2. The supplied CVSS:4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N) and the assessed CVSS:3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N) both reflect network access, no privileges, and user interaction; the trigger described in the sources is opening the crafted email in Webmail, and the result is HTML/link spoofing in that session, not server-side code execution.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
Unauthenticated attacker emails a crafted message (AV:N/PR:N) but the victim must open it in Webmail (UI:R); injected markup executes in the victim's browser context, a scope change (S:C) with limited confidentiality/integrity impact and no availability effect.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
DescriptionCVE.org
GFI KerioConnect (Kerio Connect) before 10.0.9 Patch 2 contains an HTML injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to inject malicious markup by crafting emails whose link text contains quote characters, causing the Webmail auto-formatter to break out of the href attribute while re-processing text already inside a link. Attackers can exploit this flaw to spoof link targets or inject arbitrary HTML into the rendered message within a victim's Webmail session.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.
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