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NLnet Labs Routinator EUVDEUVD-2026-110028

| CVE-2026-72755 LOW
Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions (CWE-755)
2026-10-26 NLnet Labs GHSA-gh5x-9h83-m96f
3.8
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: NLnet Labs
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Gain control of TA HTTPS retrieval path
  2. Exploit
    Serve invalid or modified TA certificate
  3. Execution
    Routinator caches it despite failed validation
  4. Impact
    Known-good trust anchor overwritten, RPKI validation disrupted

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions
ASVS 5.0
V16 - Security Logging and Error Handling Exception handling procedures
Exploitation Conditions

Requires that Routinator be configured to retrieve a trust anchor certificate over HTTPS (a TAL referencing an https:// TA URI) and that the attacker can cause an invalid or altered certificate to be returned at that retrieval - i.e., control of or tampering with the TA source over the TLS channel. The defect is that Routinator writes the newly-retrieved TA certificate to cache even when its validation fails, overwriting the existing known-good TA. Limiting factors: the privileged network/source position implied by PR:H, dependence on HTTPS-based TA retrieval rather than other transport, no user interaction, and impact bounded to degraded RPKI validation (I:L/A:L) with no data exposure. The exact attacker position is not detailed in the available sources.

Impact

All decision signals point to low real-world priority. The source CVSS is only 3.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L): network vector but requiring high privileges (PR:H) and yielding only low integrity and low availability impact with no confidentiality loss (C:N). The vuln.today decision label is 'monitor', the weakest urgency tier. No EPSS probability, no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit or PoC reference are present in the input, so exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis'. The signals are internally consistent - a low CVSS paired with a 'monitor' label and no exploitation evidence - with one metadata conflict: the 'Information Disclosure' tag contradicts the vector's C:N (no confidentiality impact), so that tag appears mislabeled and should not drive risk perception. This is a robustness/error-handling defect (CWE-755) in a specialized RPKI validator, not a priority for emergency patching; schedule remediation via normal update cycles.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker able to influence the HTTPS endpoint from which Routinator retrieves a trust anchor (TA) certificate - for example by controlling or tampering with that source - serves an invalid or modified TA certificate. Routinator stores the retrieved certificate in its cache even though validation fails, overwriting the previously known-good TA and thereby disrupting trusted RPKI route-origin validation. No public exploit or PoC reference is identified in the available data.

Monitor Track and reassess. Why: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9).
No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 26, 2026

Routinator writes a newly retrieved trust anchor (TA) certificate fetched over HTTPS into its cache even when that certificate fails validation, so a failed update can overwrite the previously cached, known-good TA and leave the validator working from bad trust anchor material. Only deployments whose TAL points at an https:// TA URI are exposed, and the attacker must already hold the privileged position over that retrieval channel implied by PR:H - impact is limited to partial integrity and availability loss for RPKI validation (I:L/A:L, CVSS 3.8, C:N). No public exploit code and no confirmed active exploitation were identified at time of analysis, and the priority signal is monitor.

RemediationAI

The supplied data contains no fixed version and no patch-status statement, so no vendor-released fix is confirmed at time of analysis; consult the NLnet Labs advisory at https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/routinator/CVE-2026-72755.txt for the authoritative fix version and upgrade guidance before acting. Where an immediate upgrade is not possible, operators can reduce exposure by avoiding the affected retrieval path - configuring TALs so the trust anchor is not fetched over an https:// URI - with the trade-off that this depends on the alternative transport being reachable and acceptable in the deployment; by constraining and authenticating the path to the TA source so that an attacker cannot return an altered certificate, with the trade-off that this only addresses the network prerequisites rather than the cache-write defect itself; and by monitoring the Routinator cache for unexpected changes to the stored TA certificate and restoring it from a known-good copy, with the trade-off that this is detection and manual recovery rather than prevention. Because the underlying issue is that an invalid certificate is cached at all, none of these compensations replaces a vendor fix.

Affected VersionsENISA

Routinator patch: 0.15.3

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Routinator is an RPKI relying party validator from NLnet Labs that fetches certificates, ROAs and manifests from repositories and validates them against locally configured trust anchors, described by Trust Anchor Locators (TALs) that may reference rsync or HTTPS URIs. The flaw is classed as CWE-755 (Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions): when a TA certificate is retrieved over HTTPS, the validation-failure path does not prevent the retrieved object from being persisted, so the cache write proceeds and can replace a known-good TA certificate with one that did not validate. The privileged network/source position (PR:H) and the requirement for HTTPS-based TA retrieval are the stated limiting factors; the exact mechanism by which an invalid or altered certificate is produced at retrieval, and the precise attacker position, are not detailed in the available sources. The CPE entry (cpe:2.3:a:nlnet_labs:routinator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) carries a wildcard version, so no specific vulnerable or fixed release range is enumerated in the supplied data.

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Severity by source

Vendor (NLnet Labs) PRIMARY 3.8 LOW
AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
vuln.today AI 3.8 LOW

Exploitation needs a privileged position controlling the HTTPS TA source (PR:H); once there the cache overwrite is deterministic (AC:L); only trust-anchor integrity/availability are affected, with no confidentiality loss.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (NLnet Labs).

CVSS VectorVendor: NLnet Labs

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
Low

DescriptionCVE.org

Routinator stores a newly-retrieved TA certificate via HTTPS in cache without validation, potentially overwriting a known good TA certificate even if validation fails.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 92% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
RPKI relying-party validator used only by network operators; industry-specific footprint
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity LOW
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Low
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

19
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +19
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0
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Due to a mistake in error checking, Routinator will terminate when an incoming RTR connection is reset by the peer too q

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NLnet Labs' Routinator up to and including version 0.12.1 may crash when trying to parse certain malformed RPKI objects.

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In NLnet Labs Routinator 0.9.0 up to and including 0.11.2, due to a mistake in error handling, data in RRDP snapshot and

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