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Cervantes EUVDEUVD-2026-109260

| CVE-2026-115994 MEDIUM
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (CWE-639)
2026-10-24 Grayback GHSA-m7gg-rxfc-j545
5.4
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: Grayback
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate as low-privileged Cervantes user
  2. Exploit
    Enumerate target object IDs across projects
  3. Execution
    Submit unauthorized modify/delete request
  4. Impact
    Corrupt or erase other projects' targets

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
Exploitation Conditions

Requires a valid authenticated account on the target Cervantes v1.3-beta instance (CVSS PR:L) that hosts more than one project; the attacker then supplies an object identifier referencing a target belonging to a project they do not own. Exploitation is limited by that authentication requirement and by the multi-project/multi-tenant deployment assumption - a single-user or single-project instance offers no cross-project targets to tamper with. No user interaction is needed (UI:N) and the request is network-reachable (AV:N). Impact is restricted to integrity and availability of target records (modify/delete); no confidentiality disclosure is described.

Impact

This is a moderate-priority issue, not an emergency. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L, base 5.4) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw that nonetheless requires an authenticated low-privileged account (PR:L) and yields only partial integrity and availability impact with no confidentiality loss. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_month', consistent with a real but non-critical fix timeline. No EPSS score was supplied, the CVE is NOT in CISA KEV, and no proof-of-concept or exploit reference is present (the two references are vendor advisory/patch pages only), so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active exploitation. The practical risk is bounded by the authentication requirement and by the nature of the target: Cervantes is a pentest-management platform typically used by small security teams, so exploitation implies a malicious or compromised insider on a multi-project instance rather than internet-wide opportunistic abuse. One caveat: the input Tags label this 'Authentication Bypass', but the description and CWE-639 describe a broken-object-level-authorization (authorization) flaw affecting an already-authenticated user - these are distinct and the tag overstates the access gained.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A low-privileged but authenticated user of a shared Cervantes v1.3-beta instance manipulates the object identifier in a target-related request to reference targets owned by a project they are not a member of, then modifies or deletes those targets. Because no confidentiality boundary is broken but integrity and availability are, the attacker corrupts or erases another team's engagement scope and findings. No public exploit code or PoC reference is available at time of analysis.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 24, 2026

Cross-project target tampering in Cervantes v1.3-beta lets anyone holding a valid account on a multi-project instance tamper with penetration-testing targets owned by other projects, including modifying or deleting them, which undermines the integrity of scopes, results and the security reports generated from them. The exposure is limited to integrity and availability of target records (CVSS 5.4, C:N/I:L/A:L), and exploitation presupposes a deployment that hosts more than one project, since a single-project instance exposes no foreign targets. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, a vendor patch advisory is published, and this is a moderate-priority issue, not an emergency, so remediation fits a this-month cycle.

RemediationAI

Patch available per vendor advisory: apply the vendor's fix guidance from https://www.grayback.es/advisories (English: https://www.grayback.es/en/advisories) to remediate the missing object-ownership check; the reference does not state an exact fixed version number, so confirm the target release against those advisories before upgrading. Where upgrading cannot be completed promptly, reduce exposure by consolidating tenants so that each Cervantes instance hosts a single project, which removes the cross-project targets the attack depends on - the trade-off is loss of shared-instance collaboration and separate administration/reporting per team - and by tightly limiting which accounts can create and administer projects on any instance that must remain multi-project, though neither measure repairs the underlying authorization gap and both are interim only. Prioritize multi-project, multi-team instances over single-project deployments when scheduling the update.

Affected VersionsENISA

cervantes alpha 0.3 ≤1.3-beta

Affected Packages

euvd cervantes_alpha no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The flaw is a broken object-level authorization (BOLA) pattern, classified as CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key: the application accepts an object identifier supplied by the caller and acts on the referenced target record without confirming that the record belongs to a project the caller owns or is authorized for. Because the request is network-reachable (AV:N), requires only a low-privilege account (PR:L) and needs no user interaction (UI:N), an authenticated user can redirect the identifier at a target in another project and drive legitimate modify or delete operations against it; scope is unchanged (S:U) and there is no confidentiality component (C:N), so the effect is confined to integrity and availability of target data. The CPE entry cpe:2.3:a:cervantessec:cervantes:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* uses a wildcard version, identifying the Cervantes application itself - the platform used to manage penetration-testing scopes, targets, results and associated reporting - as the affected component rather than a third-party library, and the vendor advisory pins the reported release at v1.3-beta. The trigger path is a multi-tenant deployment hosting more than one project; instances operated by a single user or holding a single project have no cross-project targets to reach.

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Severity by source

Vendor (Grayback) PRIMARY 5.4 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
vuln.today AI 5.4 MEDIUM

Authenticated low-privileged user (PR:L) sends a network request with no interaction to modify/delete another project's targets, giving partial integrity and availability impact and no confidentiality loss.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (Grayback).

CVSS VectorVendor: Grayback

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
Low

DescriptionCVE.org

BOLA Allows Cross-Project Target Tampering in Cervantes version v1.3-beta could allow an attacker modify or delete targets belonging to other projects without authorization, compromising the integrity of penetration testing scopes, results, and associated security reports.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 79% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche open-source pentest-management platform, small-team deployment footprint
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

27
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +27
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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