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Cervantes CVE-2026-115998

| EUVDEUVD-2026-109262 MEDIUM
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (CWE-639)
2026-10-24 Grayback GHSA-5c44-fgrh-f6cp
4.3
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: Grayback
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate as low-privileged Cervantes user
  2. Exploit
    Enumerate/alter object IDs in requests
  3. Execution
    Access another project's findings and credentials
  4. Impact
    Modify finding status or transfer findings to own project

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
Exploitation Conditions

Requires a valid authenticated account on the target Cervantes instance (CVSS PR:L - any low-privileged registered user suffices); the attack is performed over the network against the web application with no user interaction. Realistic impact requires a multi-tenant/multi-project deployment where the attacker's account and the victim projects coexist on the same instance, since the flaw is abuse of references to projects the attacker does not belong to. Limiting factors: an authenticated foothold is mandatory (not remote-unauthenticated), impact is confined to data accessible within that Cervantes instance, and affected versions are Cervantes alpha 0.3 through v1.3-beta. The exact parameter or identifier manipulated is not described in the available sources.

Impact

The supplied CVSS 3.1 base score is 4.3 (Medium) with vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N, indicating a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw requiring low-privileged authentication, no user interaction, and only a low integrity impact with no confidentiality or availability impact. This vector is in direct tension with the description, which explicitly states the attacker can 'access sensitive findings, proof-of-concept details, credentials, and client information' - i.e. a clear confidentiality breach that the official vector scores as C:N. Treat this as a conflict: the published vector appears to understate confidentiality impact, so the real severity is likely higher than 4.3. No EPSS probability is provided, the CVE is not on CISA KEV, and no PoC/exploit reference is supplied - only vendor patch advisories. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_month' (a patch-within-the-month priority, not an emergency), which is consistent with the absence of active-exploitation and PoC signals. Net: this is a credible access-control weakness worth patching on a normal cycle rather than an emergency, and its real-world priority is further tempered by the niche deployment footprint of the affected product, not by low technical impact.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A low-privileged but authenticated user of a shared Cervantes instance manipulates object identifiers (e.g. project or finding IDs) in requests to reference projects they are not a member of, retrieving other teams' findings, PoC details, credentials, and client data. The same IDOR lets them change finding statuses and reassign findings into their own project. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis, and the specific trigger is not detailed in the available sources beyond the IDOR/CWE-639 classification.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 24, 2026

Cervantes (alpha 0.3 through v1.3-beta) contains an insecure direct object reference that lets any authenticated low-privileged user on a shared instance read sensitive project findings, proof-of-concept details, credentials, and client information, and change finding status or transfer findings into projects they own. The attack is network-reachable, needs no user interaction, and primarily compromises confidentiality with a lower integrity impact; availability is not affected. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the vendor references patch information in its Grayback advisories.

RemediationAI

Patch available per vendor advisory: apply the Cervantes update referenced at https://www.grayback.es/advisories and https://www.grayback.es/en/advisories; the supplied data does not name a specific fixed version, so confirm the vendor's patched release before deployment. If immediate patching is not possible, reduce exposure by limiting Cervantes accounts to trusted users and separating sensitive projects onto distinct instances, since the flaw is exploitable by any authenticated low-privileged user and depends on projects coexisting on the same instance; this trade-off reduces collaboration and may not be practical for all tenants. The supplied data does not identify a configuration toggle that disables the vulnerable project-reference behavior.

Affected VersionsENISA

cervantes alpha 0.3 ≤1.3-beta

Affected Packages

euvd cervantes_alpha no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The issue is CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key), an IDOR class in the Cervantes multi-tenant web application. The affected CPE is cpe:2.3:a:cervantessec:cervantes, and ENISA EUVD-2026-109262 records the range as Cervantes alpha 0.3 through ≤1.3-beta. The root cause is missing or insufficient object-level authorization on references to projects, findings, or related records, allowing a valid account to use identifiers for projects it does not belong to; the exact parameter or identifier manipulated is not described in the available sources. The assessed vector is CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N, reflecting network access, low complexity, low-privileged authentication, no user interaction, high confidentiality impact, low integrity impact, and no availability impact. Although some intelligence tags it Authentication Bypass, the behavior is an authenticated authorization failure rather than unauthenticated bypass.

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Severity by source

Vendor (Grayback) PRIMARY 4.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
vuln.today AI 7.1 HIGH

Network web app, low complexity, authenticated low-priv user (PR:L), no UI; description states credential/client-data disclosure so C:H (overriding the input's C:N), with limited finding-status/transfer changes giving I:L.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (Grayback).

CVSS VectorVendor: Grayback

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

IDOR in Cervantes version v1.3-beta could allow an authenticated attacker ca access sensitive findings, proof-of-concept details, credentials, and client information from projects they do not belong to. Additionally, they can modify finding statuses and transfer findings to their own projects, compromising data confidentiality and integrity.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 83% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche open-source pentest collaboration platform, limited production footprint
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

22
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +22
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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