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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Gain adjacent network access (same Wi-Fi/LAN)
  2. Delivery
    Reach local device-management protocol
  3. Exploit
    Send unauthenticated management instructions
  4. Execution
    Modify device state/settings
  5. Impact
    Disrupt user control and expose account data

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Authentication required for critical functions
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires the attacker to be on the adjacent network (same Wi-Fi/LAN segment as the Kasa device, per AV:A) - not exploitable from the public internet. Within that network, no authentication is needed (PR:N/CWE-306): the local device-management protocol accepts management instructions without adequate authentication or authorization, so basic device-state/settings manipulation needs no special configuration against affected Kasa models. The additional account-information exposure is NOT unconditional - it requires 'certain usage conditions involving interaction between the user, mobile application, and device-cloud service,' meaning the cloud-account-compromise outcome depends on concurrent legitimate user/app/cloud activity. Primary limiting factor: adjacency requirement; secondary limiting factor: the cloud-account impact is conditional rather than guaranteed.

Impact

The vendor-provided CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H, score 8.7) describes a low-complexity, unauthenticated attack against confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device - but critically, the attack vector is ADJACENT (AV:A), not network/internet-facing, which materially constrains real-world exploitability to attackers who already have a foothold on the same local/Wi-Fi segment as the device. This is consistent with the description's framing of a 'local device-management protocol' and an 'adjacent-network attacker.' No EPSS score, CISA KEV listing, or public POC was provided in the input, so there is no signal of active or widespread exploitation; this appears to be a vendor-discovered-and-disclosed issue (reported by TP-Link) with a patch already available, rather than an actively weaponized threat. The core device-management weakness (CWE-306, missing authentication) is unconditional for an adjacent attacker, but the more serious cloud-account-compromise outcome is explicitly conditional ('under certain usage conditions involving interaction between the user, mobile application, and device-cloud service'), so the worst-case impact should not be treated as always-reachable. Net: a genuinely high-severity design flaw in its threat model (local attacker can hijack device control), but real-world priority is tempered by the adjacent-only vector and absence of any exploitation evidence - prioritize patching for high-value or shared-network deployments over treating it as an internet-exposed emergency.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who has joined the same local/Wi-Fi network as a Kasa smart plug, switch, or bulb sends crafted management instructions directly to the device's local management protocol without any authentication, toggling or reconfiguring the device and disrupting the legitimate owner's control. In a chained case where the targeted user is actively interacting with the device via the mobile app and cloud service, insufficient protection of account-related communications could additionally leak account information, potentially leading to cloud-account compromise. No public exploit code was identified in the provided data.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026

Improper authentication in the local device-management protocol of TP-Link Kasa smart plugs, switches, dimmers, and bulbs lets an unauthenticated attacker who is already on the same Wi-Fi/LAN segment send management instructions to the device, changing device state and settings or disrupting legitimate user control. The vendor scores this 8.7 (CVSS 4.0 AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N, with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact to the device), and the independent assessment agrees: authentication is not required within the adjacent network (PR:N, CWE-306), but the ADJACENT attack vector confines exploitation to attackers holding a foothold on the local segment rather than the public internet. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the described cloud-account information exposure is conditional - it depends on concurrent user, mobile-app, and device-cloud interaction - so full account compromise is not guaranteed.

RemediationAI

Patch available per vendor advisory: TP-Link has published firmware updates for the affected Kasa models, obtainable from the vendor's support download pages (https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/ or https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/), with model-by-model guidance in advisory https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5342/. Update every Kasa device on the network, since the flaw lives in the local device-management protocol and is not fixed by app or account changes alone; large deployments typically require a staged rollout because each device reboots and briefly drops off automation schedules. If immediate firmware updates are not possible, the most effective compensating control is network segmentation: place Kasa devices on a dedicated IoT VLAN/SSID with client isolation and firewall rules that prevent other LAN hosts (including guest Wi-Fi, BYOD, and any compromised endpoint) from reaching them - the trade-off is that local integrations and app-based local control from other subnets stop working, and some devices require the phone to be on the same SSID during setup. Reducing the adjacency surface also helps: tighten Wi-Fi/WPA3 credentials, remove unused or guest SSIDs, disable guest-network client-to-client traffic, and treat any device that cannot be updated as untrusted on the LAN. To limit the conditional account-information exposure, monitor the linked Kasa/TP-Link cloud account for unexpected login or sharing changes and rotate the account password if a device on the segment may have been probed; note that enabling cloud-only control or disabling local integrations reduces the local attack surface but degrades offline automation reliability.

Affected VersionsENISA

HS300 V2 0 <1.1.2 Build 241220 Rel.171333
HS220 v3 0 <1.1.4 Build 241220 Rel.171050
KL125 v4 0 <1.1.1 Build 260710 Rel.082646
KS220M v1 0 <1.1.6 Build 250522 Rel.210254
ES20M v1 0 <1.1.6 Build 250522 Rel.210254
HS103 v5 0 <1.1.3 Build 250908 Rel.112508
KP405 v1 0 <1.1.0 Build 250225 Rel.174632
KS200M v1 0 <1.1.4 Build 241223 Rel.104700
KP200 V3 0 <1.1.0 Build 250225 Rel.171724
HS200 v5 0 <1.1.2 Build 241220 Rel.165559
KP303 V2 0 <1.1.2 Build 241220 Rel.173321
KL420L5 v1 0 <1.4.2 Build 260605 Rel.035033
KL135 v2 0 <1.1.1 Build 260710 Rel.082646
KS200 v1 0 <1.1.2 Build 241223 Rel.103857
KP401 v1 0 <1.1.2 Build 241223 Rel.094434
EP40 v1 0 <1.1.0 Build 250225 Rel.171723
HS210 v3 0 <1.1.0 Build 250225 Rel.163425
KS220 v1 0 <1.1.3 Build 241223 Rel.105515
KP115 v1 0 <1.1.1 Build 250908 Rel.112945
KS230 KIT v2 0 <1.1.4 Build 241223 Rel.105830
KL110 v4 0 <1.1.1 Build 260710 Rel.082646
EP40A v1 0 <1.1.1 Build 250908 Rel.112526
KP400 v3 0 <1.1.0 Build 250225 Rel.171723
EP10 v1 0 <1.1.1 Build 250908 Rel.112508

Affects your stack

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Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause is CWE-306 (Missing Authentication for Critical Function): Kasa devices expose a local device-management protocol on the LAN that accepts management instructions without adequate authentication or authorization checks. Because the protocol is designed for local control by the mobile app and local integrations, an adjacent attacker who can reach the device on the same broadcast domain can issue state-changing and settings-changing commands directly, bypassing the account/credential layer entirely. Both the vendor's CVSS 4.0 vector and the independent CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) describe the same profile - low complexity, no privileges, no user interaction, high impact to the device's confidentiality, integrity, and availability - with scope unchanged (S:U), meaning the account/cloud impact described by the vendor sits outside the base score and is explicitly conditional on 'certain usage conditions involving interaction between the user, mobile application, and device-cloud service.' Affected SKUs span plugs and outlets (HS103 v5, KP115 v1, KP401 v1, KP405 v1, KP200 v3, KP303 v2, KP400 v3, EP10 v1, EP40 v1, EP40A v1, ES20M v1), switches and dimmers (HS200 v5, HS210 v3, HS220 v3, KS200 v1, KS200M v1, KS220 v1, KS220M v1, KS230 Kit v2, HS300 v2), and bulbs (KL110 v4, KL125 v4, KL135 v2, KL420L5 v1), all tracked via CPE entries under tp-link_systems_inc.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (TPLink) PRIMARY 8.7 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 8.8 HIGH

Adjacent-network local protocol gives AV:A; missing authentication (CWE-306) justifies PR:N and AC:L with no UI; full device control plus conditional account exposure supports C:H/I:H/A:H, scope unchanged.

3.1 AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (TPLink).

CVSS VectorVendor: TPLink

Attack Vector
Adjacent
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Multiple Kasa devices contain an improper authentication vulnerability in the local device-management protocol. An unauthenticated adjacent attacker may send management instructions to an affected device without adequate authentication or authorization, allowing modification of the device state or management settings. Under certain usage conditions involving interaction between the user, mobile application, and device-cloud service, insufficient protection of account-related communications may also expose account information.

Successful exploitation may allow an unauthenticated adjacent-network attacker to perform unauthorized device-management actions and disrupt legitimate user control. Under certain conditions, account-related information may also be exposed, potentially leading to compromise of the associated cloud account.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

TP-Link Kasa smart plugs, switches, dimmers, and bulbs can be manipulated by an unauthenticated attacker who already has access to the same Wi-Fi or LAN segment, allowing device state and settings to be changed or legitimate control to be disrupted. This affects facilities, energy management, and convenience automation where these devices are deployed, and it may create operational nuisance or broader IoT trust concerns. Leadership should care because the flaw is high severity, though exploitation requires a local foothold and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 82% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
popular consumer smart-home (Kasa) plugs/switches/bulbs, not enterprise-ubiquitous
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Controlled
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

44
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +44
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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