Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessRegister low-privileged Subscriber account
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DeliverySubmit crafted XSS payload in profile field
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ExploitAdmin or user views profile page
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ExecutionScript executes in victim session
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ImpactAbuse authenticated context across admin origin
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires an authenticated Subscriber-level account (PR:L); on Profile Builder deployments front-end self-registration is commonly enabled, lowering the barrier to obtaining such an account. Exploitation also requires victim user interaction (UI:R) - a privileged or other user must view the page rendering the attacker's injected payload - which limits reliability and makes it interaction-dependent rather than fully automatable. Affected on Profile Builder versions <= 4.0.2; sites where anonymous registration is disabled or Subscriber accounts are tightly restricted materially reduce exposure. |
| Impact | This is a moderate, not urgent, priority. The provided CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L, base 6.5) describes an authenticated Subscriber-level (PR:L) cross-site scripting flaw requiring victim interaction (UI:R) with a scope change (S:C) and only Low impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No EPSS score, KEV listing, SSVC decision data, or public POC was supplied, so all three exploitation signals point to no evidence of active or automated exploitation at time of analysis. The realistic threat is a low-privileged registered user (Profile Builder specifically enables front-end user registration, so obtaining a Subscriber account is often trivially self-service) injecting a script payload that executes in another user's or an administrator's browser context - the S:C rating reflects escalation potential into the admin origin. The signals are internally consistent: an authenticated, interaction-dependent XSS with limited per-incident impact is a genuine but bounded issue rather than a mass-exploitation candidate. Missing EPSS/KEV/POC data should be treated as 'not yet observed' rather than 'safe.' |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker self-registers a Subscriber account on a site running Profile Builder (whose front-end registration this plugin provides), then submits a profile field containing a stored XSS payload. When an administrator or another user views the attacker's profile or the relevant admin listing, the script executes in their authenticated browser session, potentially enabling session or action abuse across the site origin. No public exploit code was identified in the provided data. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 30, 2026
Cross-site scripting in Profile Builder versions through 4.0.2 lets an authenticated Subscriber-level user inject script that executes when another user views the affected page, requiring victim interaction. The CVSS 3.1 vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L gives a moderate 6.5 severity; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the risk is moderate rather than urgent.
RemediationAI
Vendor patch status is not confirmed in the provided data, so confirm whether Cozmoslabs has released a version later than 4.0.2 and update immediately once a patched release is available; monitor the Patchstack advisory at https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/profile-builder/vulnerability/wordpress-profile-builder-plugin-4-0-2-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve. If no fixed version is available, reduce exposure by disabling front-end self-registration or requiring administrator approval for new accounts, which prevents untrusted users from easily obtaining the Subscriber-level access needed for exploitation; the trade-off is reduced user onboarding and added administrative overhead. Limit Subscriber role capabilities and restrict access to Profile Builder forms or endpoints to trusted roles where possible. Consider deploying a WAF or virtual patching rule targeting XSS in Profile Builder and enforcing a Content Security Policy that blocks inline script execution; these controls can reduce exploitation but may break legitimate site functionality. Also review Profile Builder profile fields and output locations for proper escaping and sanitization, and monitor logs for suspicious Subscriber activity.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Profile Builder is a WordPress plugin from Cozmoslabs, identified by CPE cpe:2.3:a:cozmoslabs:profile_builder:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* and described in the Patchstack advisory. The root cause is CWE-79 improper neutralization of input during web page generation, which in this context means plugin-supplied profile fields or parameters are not adequately sanitized or escaped before being rendered. The CVSS vector indicates network-reachable exploitation with low attack complexity, authenticated privileges (PR:L), required victim user interaction (UI:R), and changed scope (S:C), so injected script can affect resources beyond the vulnerable component, such as other users' sessions or administrative pages. On common WordPress deployments, front-end self-registration can make obtaining a Subscriber-level account easier, but anonymous registration being disabled or tightly controlled materially reduces exposure.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
Authenticated Subscriber (PR:L) stored XSS needing victim interaction (UI:R); executes in a different security context (S:C) with limited C/I/A impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (Patchstack).
CVSS VectorVendor: Patchstack
DescriptionCVE.org
Subscriber Cross Site Scripting (XSS) in Profile Builder <= 4.0.2 versions.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.
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