Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessAuthenticate as lecturer user
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DeliverySubmit malicious mark via add-single-mark.php
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ExploitPayload stored/reflected unsanitized
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ExecutionVictim renders mark page
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ImpactScript executes in victim browser session
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires an authenticated lecturer-level account on code-projects Assessment Management 1.0 (PR:L) and the ability to reach lecturer/add-single-mark.php to inject the mark parameter; the payload only executes when a victim's browser renders the affected page (UI:P/UI:R), so it is not a zero-click remote flaw. Limiting factors: valid low-privilege credentials are needed, victim interaction/page rendering is required, and the affected software is a niche academic PHP project rather than a widely deployed platform - all of which sharply constrain real-world exploitability. |
| Impact | This is a low-to-moderate real-world risk despite the 5.1 CVSS 4.0 score. The vendor vector (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P) describes a network-reachable but authenticated (PR:L) cross-site scripting flaw in the lecturer grade-entry interface, with passive user interaction (UI:P) required to fire the payload and only limited integrity impact (VI:L) - consistent with browser-context XSS rather than server compromise. SSVC-style reading: exploitation is Proof-of-Concept (E:P, POC publicly disclosed on GitHub), technical impact is partial, and it is not readily automatable for meaningful gain since it needs a logged-in lecturer account and a victim rendering the malicious mark. No EPSS score and no CISA KEV entry are provided; there is no evidence of active exploitation, so the POC signal should not be conflated with in-the-wild use. The only intelligence sources are VulDB (407936) and a single GitHub POC - no independent NVD analysis or vendor advisory beyond the code-projects homepage. Net: a genuine but low-priority XSS in a hobbyist PHP application, not an urgent-patch situation for most environments. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An authenticated lecturer (or an attacker who has obtained lecturer credentials) submits a mark value containing a JavaScript payload via lecturer/add-single-mark.php; the unsanitized mark is later rendered in the application, executing script in the browser of whoever views it (e.g., another staff user or the same user). A public proof-of-concept exists on GitHub (zzzxc643/CVE1, 2026-8-24/vul5.md), lowering the effort to reproduce, though exploitation still requires a valid low-privilege session and victim page rendering (UI:P). |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 20, 2026
Stored/reflected cross-site scripting in code-projects Assessment Management 1.0 allows an authenticated lecturer to inject arbitrary script through the mark argument handled by lecturer/add-single-mark.php, which then executes in the browser of any user who renders the affected page. Exploitation is constrained: the attacker must hold a valid low-privilege lecturer-level account and a victim must interact with (view) the crafted page, so this is not a zero-click remote compromise, and the affected software is a niche academic PHP project rather than a widely deployed platform. Publicly available exploit code exists and may be utilized, but there is no CISA KEV listing, so there is no confirmed active exploitation; the 5.1 CVSS 4.0 score corresponds to a low-to-moderate real-world risk.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis, and no fixed version number is provided in the available intelligence, so remediation must be compensatory. First, treat the exploit as public: review and restrict access to lecturer/add-single-mark.php so only trusted, authenticated lecturer accounts can reach it, and audit existing mark records for injected script content, cleaning any stored payloads. Because the root cause is missing output encoding, apply server-side input validation and contextual HTML-encoding of the mark parameter before it is written to the database or rendered (the durable fix, typically a small code change in the PHP source), and add a Content-Security-Policy header that disallows inline and third-party script to blunt execution of any residual payload. Operator-side trade-offs: disabling or IP-restricting the lecturer mark-submission endpoint removes the injection vector entirely but blocks legitimate grading workflows; enforcing a strict CSP can break the application's existing inline JavaScript and must be tested in report-only mode first; deploying a WAF rule targeting script-like payloads in the mark parameter provides temporary coverage but is bypassable and adds latency. Monitor the vendor site (https://code-projects.org/) and the VulDB entry (https://vuldb.com/vuln/407936) for a patched release, and confirm the public proof-of-concept at https://github.com/zzzxc643/CVE1/blob/main/2026-8-24/vul5.md to validate detection rules. There is no confirmed actively exploited status (not in CISA KEV), so prioritization can follow normal patch cycles for internet-exposed instances while credential hygiene and session-hardening (HttpOnly/SameSite cookies) reduce the impact of successful XSS.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Assessment Management is a small PHP-based web application published by code-projects.org for academic assessment workflows; the CPE string cpe:2.3:a:code-projects:assessment_management:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* confirms it is tracked as an application-level product with an unspecified version range (effectively 1.0 as described). The weakness is CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation / Cross-Site Scripting): the mark parameter in lecturer/add-single-mark.php is accepted and reflected/stored without adequate HTML-context encoding or sanitization, allowing attacker-controlled markup to be interpreted as script by the victim's browser. Because the vulnerable component is a server-side PHP script reachable over HTTP, the injection surface is network-facing, but the CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P) and the independent assessment (CVSS 3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N) both require low-privilege authenticated access to the lecturer functionality and subsequent victim rendering of the affected page, which limits the class of reachable attackers. The scope change in the 3.1 assessment reflects that injected script executes in the victim's session context rather than the application server, explaining the typical XSS consequences of session/cookie theft, credential phishing, or privileged action forgery on behalf of the victim.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Authenticated lecturer access (PR:L) and victim rendering (UI:R) are required; XSS executes in a different security context so S:C with limited C:L/I:L browser impact and no availability effect.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability was determined in code-projects Assessment Management 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file lecturer/add-single-mark.php. This manipulation of the argument mark causes cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.
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EUVD-2026-83720
GHSA-v838-q3gv-vjp2
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB