EUVD-2026-81612
GHSA-2c9f-f88g-g76p
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Local sandbox code with no auth (PR:N) but high complexity (AC:H) crosses the sandbox/bridge boundary (S:C) to leak formatted stack-trace strings (C:L); no integrity or availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
4Blast Radius
ecosystem impact- 5 npm packages depend on vm2 (4 direct, 1 indirect)
Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 3.11.4.
DescriptionCVE.org
vm2 is a sandbox for running untrusted JavaScript. In vm2 versions up to and including 3.11.3, the defaultSandboxPrepareStackTrace function in lib/setup-sandbox.js builds its output array using prototype-walking index assignment (lines[lines.length] = value) rather than a prototype-bypassing define-property primitive. Because this bridge-internal array is allocated in the sandbox realm, code inside the sandbox can install an accessor on Array.prototype for the relevant index; the accessor is then invoked whenever the sandbox reads error.stack (or otherwise triggers Error.prepareStackTrace), allowing sandbox code to observe and intercept each stack-trace line written by the bridge. The same pattern is used in the error-handling (catch) branch. The values written are formatted strings only, so the practical impact is limited to an information side channel and a violation of vm2's bridge-container defense invariant rather than a sandbox escape; the vendor rates the issue Low. The issue is fixed in vm2 3.11.4, which installs each entry as an own data property via Reflect.defineProperty.
AnalysisAI
Sandboxed JavaScript running in the npm package vm2 3.11.3 and earlier can install an accessor on Array.prototype so that the bridge's defaultSandboxPrepareStackTrace routine writes each stack-trace line through that attacker-controlled setter, allowing in-sandbox code to observe and intercept the formatted stack-trace strings the host builds. The impact is confined to a low-bandwidth information side channel and a violation of vm2's documented bridge-container defense invariant; there is no sandbox escape and no code execution, which is why the vendor rates the issue Low, consistent with a published CVSS 4.0 base score of 2.1 and our assessed CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Requires the application to run attacker-controlled JavaScript inside a vm2 sandbox at version <= 3.11.3 (the core vm2 threat model). … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | This is a genuinely low-priority issue and the signals are internally consistent. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | Full exploit scenario with step-by-step reproduction available after sign-in. |
| Remediation | Upgrade to vm2 3.11.4, the release that installs each stack-trace entry as an own data property via Reflect.defineProperty, as documented in GHSA-q3fm-4wcw-g57x and implemented in commit ad31adc1fc4a2c163f2f8c11ab4af206074528fd; vendor-released patch: vm2 3.11.4. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
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External POC / Exploit Code
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