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Terraform Redfish Provider CVE-2026-91881

| EUVDEUVD-2026-101152 CRITICAL
Improper Certificate Validation (CWE-295)
2026-10-14 dell GHSA-wpr3-vhw9-4w82
9.0
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: dell
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Gain MITM position on provider-to-BMC path
  2. Exploit
    Substitute TLS certificate (verification disabled)
  3. Execution
    Intercept and decrypt Redfish traffic, capture BMC credentials
  4. Impact
    Reuse credentials for unauthorized BMC access

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V12 - Secure Communication Certificate validation
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the attacker to actively occupy a man-in-the-middle position on the network path between the system running the Dell Terraform Provider for Redfish and the target Redfish/BMC endpoint, and to be present while the provider is actively communicating with the BMC. No special product configuration is needed because TLS certificate verification is unconditionally disabled in the base HTTP transport of all versions prior to 1.6.2 - this is default behavior, not an opt-in setting. The principal limiting factors are the need for network-path interception (reflected in AC:H) and that impact is confined to windows when the provider initiates Redfish API traffic; deployments where provider-to-BMC traffic stays on trusted, isolated management segments face materially lower practical risk.

Impact

Signals point to a genuinely serious but condition-gated issue rather than a trivially mass-exploitable one. The vendor-supplied CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H (9.0 Critical) reflects an unauthenticated, network-reachable flaw with scope change (compromise of the Terraform provider's transport cascades into the Redfish/BMC it manages) and full confidentiality/integrity/availability impact. The key tempering factor is AC:H: because TLS certificate verification is unconditionally disabled, exploitation still requires the attacker to actively occupy a man-in-the-middle position on the traffic path between the provider and the BMC - this is not a fire-and-forget remote exploit. No EPSS score, CISA KEV entry, or POC indicator was provided in the input, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active exploitation; the Critical rating is driven by impact severity and the fact the weakness is present in default behavior, not by observed in-the-wild activity. Signals are internally consistent (AC:H matches a MITM-dependent CWE-295 flaw), so no contradictions require vendor verification, though the real-world priority depends heavily on whether provider-to-BMC traffic traverses untrusted network segments.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who can intercept traffic (e.g., on a shared management LAN, via ARP/DNS spoofing, or a compromised network device) between a host running the Dell Terraform Provider for Redfish and a target Dell server's BMC transparently relays the TLS session. Because certificate validation is unconditionally disabled in the base HTTP transport, the provider accepts the attacker's substituted certificate without warning, letting the attacker read and modify all Redfish traffic and harvest BMC credentials. No public exploit was identified at time of analysis, and the high attack complexity (AC:H) reflects the required man-in-the-middle positioning.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026

Dell Terraform Provider for Redfish versions before 1.6.2 exposes Redfish BMC traffic, including credentials, to man-in-the-middle interception because TLS certificate verification is unconditionally disabled in its base HTTP transport. This critical-severity flaw (CVSS 9.0) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker who occupies a MITM position to capture or alter sensitive Redfish API communications, though exploitation is condition-gated to active provider-to-BMC traffic windows and is materially lower risk on trusted, isolated management segments. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; Dell recommends upgrading to 1.6.2.

RemediationAI

Upgrade the Dell Terraform Provider for Redfish to version 1.6.2 or later; this is the vendor-released patch per Dell advisory DSA-2026-434 (KB 000515444, https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-in/000515444/dsa-2026-434-security-update-for-dell-terraform-provider-for-dell-server-multiple-vulnerabilities?msockid=3021cac2195069ed3194ddad186a68f9). Because TLS certificate verification is unconditionally disabled in all vulnerable versions and is not toggleable, there is no reliable configuration-only fix; the only complete remediation is upgrading. Until upgrade is possible, place Terraform hosts and BMCs on an isolated, trusted management VLAN or out-of-band network, restrict paths so no untrusted or semi-trusted devices can MITM the provider-to-BMC traffic, and enforce Layer 2 protections such as DHCP snooping, dynamic ARP inspection, static ARP where feasible, and 802.1X to reduce spoofing opportunities; these controls reduce but do not eliminate risk and add operational overhead. Alternatively, route provider traffic through a hardened, verifying TLS reverse proxy or bastion that connects to the BMC with proper certificate validation and presents a controlled local endpoint to Terraform, but this adds architecture complexity and must be carefully configured to avoid reintroducing an unverified segment. Monitor management network traffic for ARP/DNS spoofing and unexpected certificate changes.

Affected VersionsENISA

Terraform Provider for Redfish 0 <1.6.2 or later

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The Dell Terraform Provider for Redfish enables Terraform to manage Dell server BMCs through the Redfish REST API, typically over HTTPS. In versions prior to 1.6.2, the provider's base HTTP transport unconditionally disables TLS certificate verification, meaning the client does not validate the BMC server certificate, trust chain, or hostname. This is CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation). The affected CPE is cpe:2.3:a:dell:terraform_provider_for_redfish:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, covering all pre-1.6.2 releases. The CVSS:3.1 vector AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H reflects network reachability, high attack complexity due to the MITM prerequisite, no privileges required, no user interaction, scope change, and high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Because verification is default-off rather than an opt-in misconfiguration, any attacker able to intercept the path between the Terraform host and the BMC can present an arbitrary certificate and read or modify Redfish traffic, including authentication material. The AC:H and scope-changed rating align with the independent assessment that exploitation is serious but condition-gated by network position and active communication windows.

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Severity by source

Vendor (dell) PRIMARY 9.0 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 9.0 CRITICAL

MITM positioning drives AC:H; no auth needed (PR:N); disabled cert validation lets the attacker read, alter, and disrupt BMC traffic (C/I/A:H) and pivot into the managed BMC (S:C).

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Primary rating from Vendor (dell).

CVSS VectorVendor: dell

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Oct 14, 2026 - 16:03 EUVD
CVE Published
Oct 14, 2026 - 15:10 cve.org
CRITICAL 9.0

DescriptionCVE.org

Dell Terraform Provider for Redfish, versions prior to 1.6.2, contains an Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in the HTTP transport component. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to information exposure and unauthorized access. This is a Critical severity vulnerability as it allows an unauthenticated attacker to intercept all Redfish BMC traffic including credentials by performing a man-in-the-middle attack, since TLS certificate verification is unconditionally disabled in the base HTTP transport. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Dell's Terraform Provider for Redfish, a tool used by infrastructure and automation teams to configure server baseboard management controllers (BMCs), ships with TLS certificate verification disabled in its base HTTP transport, meaning that Redfish management traffic - including BMC credentials - can be silently intercepted or altered by anyone who can position themselves on the network path. Any organization using the provider below version 1.6.2 to automate Dell server management is exposed, and because captured BMC credentials typically grant full out-of-band control of physical servers, a single interception could escalate into fleet-wide hardware compromise. Leadership should care because this places privileged infrastructure credentials at risk, and the exposure is greatest where management traffic crosses shared, cloud, or remote-access networks rather than isolated management segments.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis per the vulnerability record; vendor guidance in the description points to version 1.6.2 as the remediated release. Interim mitigations: confine the provider to hardened jump hosts on trusted, isolated management segments; block Redfish/BMC traffic from traversing untrusted, shared, cloud, or remote-access networks; rotate BMC credentials used through affected provider versions; enforce least-privilege BMC accounts; and monitor Redfish sessions for anomaly or unauthorized configuration change.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 81% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche vendor IaC tooling for automating Dell server BMC management
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

45
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +45
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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