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Design Scuole Italia CVE-2026-89307

| EUVDEUVD-2026-78668 MEDIUM
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect) (CWE-601)
2026-09-15 ENISA GHSA-wfjc-xr6c-c6vw
5.1
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: ENISA
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate to WordPress site
  2. Delivery
    Inject markup via 'sign' parameter in Firma Circolare
  3. Exploit
    Payload stored in circular content
  4. Execution
    Victim loads affected page
  5. Impact
    Browser force-redirected to attacker URL

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V3 - Web Frontend Security Redirect URL validation
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires an authenticated account (PR:L) with access to the 'Firma Circolare' feature of the Design Scuole Italia WordPress theme, and requires a victim to subsequently view the page containing the injected 'sign' parameter value (UI:P). The affected feature must be in use on the site, and the attacker must control the sign parameter input. Impact is limited to forced redirection / stored HTML injection with no confidentiality or availability effect. These factors - required authentication, required victim interaction, and dependence on the specific circular-signing feature - meaningfully limit real-world exploitability. Affected versions are 1.0 through 2.17.3.

Impact

This is a low-to-moderate priority issue whose signals are internally consistent and point away from urgency. The vendor CVSS 4.0 vector (5.1) encodes AV:N but PR:L and UI:P, meaning an authenticated (low-privilege) attacker must plant the payload and a victim must then interact with the affected content - this is not a drive-by remote flaw. Impact is limited to VI:L (integrity, low) with no confidentiality or availability effect (VC:N/VA:N), consistent with an open-redirect / stored HTML-injection primitive rather than code execution. CISA SSVC reinforces the low tier: Exploitation=none (no observed exploitation), Automatable=no (requires an authenticated actor and victim interaction, so it cannot be mass-sprayed), Technical Impact=partial. No EPSS score, no KEV listing, and no public POC were provided - absence of these is not itself a defect but leaves probability-of-exploitation unquantified. There are no conflicting signals here: a modest CVSS, benign SSVC, and no exploitation evidence all agree this is a real-but-low-severity bug appropriate for routine patching rather than emergency response. The one caveat is scope - a stored payload served to other site visitors could be argued as a scope/subsequent-system concern, but practical impact remains forced redirection.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An authenticated user with access to the 'Firma Circolare' (circular-signing) feature submits a crafted value in the 'sign' parameter containing HTML/redirect markup, which is stored and later rendered to other users. When a visitor loads the affected page, the injected content forces their browser to an attacker-controlled URL, enabling phishing or malware staging. No public exploit code was identified, and successful abuse still depends on a victim viewing the poisoned content (UI:P).

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 16, 2026

Stored HTML injection in the 'Firma Circolare' (circular signing) feature of the Design Scuole Italia WordPress theme, affecting versions 1.0 through 2.17.3, allows an authenticated user who can edit the 'sign' parameter to persist arbitrary HTML that forces visiting users to an attacker-controlled URL. Exploitation requires a valid low-privileged account with access to the signing feature (PR:L) plus a victim subsequently viewing the affected page (UI:P/UI:R), and the impact is confined to integrity of the rendered page with no confidentiality or availability effect. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA's SSVC assessment records Exploitation: none with Technical Impact: partial, so this is a low-to-moderate priority issue rather than an urgent one.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch version is identified in the available data, so remediation should begin by checking the upstream repository (https://github.com/italia/design-scuole-wordpress-theme) and the ACN advisory (https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/w/rilevate-vulnerabilita-nel-tema-wordpress-design-scuole-italia-) for a fixed release above 2.17.3 and upgrading as soon as one is published; until then, compensating controls are required. First, if the site does not actually publish circulars, disable or uninstall the 'Firma Circolare' feature - this removes the attack surface entirely at the cost of losing the signing workflow. Second, tighten who can author or edit circular content: restrict the signing capability to a small set of trusted, administrator-vetted roles, accepting that this reduces editorial flexibility but denies the PR:L foothold the exploit needs. Third, sanitize/validate the 'sign' parameter at the theme or plugin layer so that only expected values (no angle brackets, no scheme-qualified or protocol-relative URLs) are stored, which is the durable fix but requires code maintenance outside the normal update path. Finally, a WAF rule blocking HTML tags or external URL patterns in the 'sign' parameter provides interim protection, with the usual trade-offs of false positives on legitimate signature content and no protection against same-origin bypasses. If none of these are feasible, remove the public-facing circular pages until a patched theme version is available. Because exploitation also depends on a victim viewing the injected page, user awareness and browser-side redirect blocking are weak secondary mitigations rather than substitutes for the above.

Affected VersionsENISA

design-scuole-wordpress-theme 1.0 ≤2.17.3

Affected Packages

euvd design_scuole_wordpress_theme no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The affected component is a WordPress theme, design-scuole-wordpress-theme, maintained under the Italian government's Developers Italia programme (CPE cpe:2.3:a:developers_italia:design-scuole-wordpress-theme). The root cause class is CWE-601, URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect'): the 'Firma Circolare' feature accepts a 'sign' parameter and renders it into stored output without adequate output encoding or URL validation, so injected markup/redirect targets survive in the database and are served to later visitors. Because the payload is stored rather than reflected, every user who views the affected circular is exposed, and the CVSS:4.0 and independently assessed CVSS:3.1 vectors both capture a scope change (S:C), reflecting that injected content influences the browsing context of other users. The independent assessment scores it AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N - network reachable and low complexity, but gated by an authenticated account and a required victim interaction, with only low integrity impact. CISA's SSVC decision framework marks the issue Exploitation: none, Automatable: no, Technical Impact: partial, consistent with the fact that abuse depends on the theme's optional signing feature being deployed, the attacker holding a qualifying account, and a victim visiting the poisoned page.

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Severity by source

Vendor (ENISA) PRIMARY 5.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 4.1 MEDIUM

Authenticated low-priv actor (PR:L) with required victim interaction (UI:R); stored payload rendered to other users supports S:C; integrity-only low impact, no confidentiality or availability.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (ENISA).

CVSS VectorVendor: ENISA

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
Passive
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
None
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

The "Firma Circolare" feature in the "Design Scuole Italia" WordPress theme allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary HTML via the sign parameter, enabling forced redirection of visiting users to an attacker-controlled URL (Stored HTML Injection / Open Redirect).

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 79% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche WordPress theme for Italian public schools, limited government-sector footprint
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0
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