EUVD-2026-44756Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Requires admin-level ubus session (PR:H); network-reachable endpoint (AV:N); impacts only confidentiality via sensitive file disclosure, no integrity or availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).
CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
OpenWrt is a Linux operating system targeting embedded devices. Prior to 25.12.5, the cgi-download handler in cgi-io authorizes the requested path against the caller's ubus session file ACL before canonicalization, and rpcd session.c uses fnmatch() without FNM_PATHNAME, allowing traversal such as an allowed wildcard prefix followed by ../ to read root-readable files including /etc/shadow. This vulnerability is fixed in 25.12.5.
AnalysisAI
Path traversal in OpenWrt's cgi-io cgi-download handler (prior to 25.12.5) allows an authenticated administrator to read arbitrary root-readable files - including /etc/shadow - by exploiting a TOCTOU-style authorization flaw where ACL checks occur before path canonicalization. The rpcd session.c ACL matcher uses fnmatch() without FNM_PATHNAME, meaning a wildcard-prefixed ACL entry (e.g., /etc/config/*) can be defeated by appending ../ sequences that pass the ACL check but resolve to an out-of-scope file when open() is called. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires a valid high-privilege ubus session token with at least one file read ACL grant covering a directory path with a wildcard (e.g., /etc/config/*) - this corresponds to PR:H in the CVSS vector and reflects admin-level access to the OpenWrt management interface. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 3.1 score of 4.9 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) correctly reflects that while the confidentiality impact is high - reading /etc/shadow gives access to password hashes enabling offline cracking - the PR:H requirement is a genuine and significant barrier. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | An attacker who has obtained OpenWrt admin credentials - through credential stuffing, phishing, or a prior compromise - authenticates and obtains a ubus session token that includes a file read ACL for /etc/config/*. The attacker then issues a crafted HTTP request to the cgi-download endpoint specifying a path such as /etc/config/../shadow; fnmatch() matches this against /etc/config/* without FNM_PATHNAME and the ACL check passes, but open() resolves the embedded '..' and returns the contents of /etc/shadow, providing password hashes for offline cracking. |
| Remediation | Upgrade to OpenWrt 25.12.5, which introduces path canonicalization before ACL validation in both the cgi-download and main_exec handlers. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
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Same weakness CWE-22 – Path Traversal
View allSame technique Path Traversal
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External POC / Exploit Code
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