Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain valid invite token
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DeliverySend POST to accept_invitation with invalid captcha
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ExploitAccount committed before captcha check runs
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ExecutionInvite link consumed
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PersistRepeat to exhaust remaining invitations
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ImpactLegitimate invitees blocked from onboarding
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Authentication mechanism validation
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Defense Evasion, Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | The accept_invitation endpoint must be reachable over the network, which is standard for any deployed Capgo instance. No authentication is required. The attacker must possess or be able to obtain a valid invite token - either by receiving a legitimate invitation, discovering a token through other means, or targeting a system with guessable token formats. Exploitation is limited to the invitation workflow: attackers cannot access existing user data, modify application configurations, or escalate within the platform. Capgo instances that do not use the invitation system or have no pending invite links are not meaningfully impacted. User interaction is not required on the victim's part. |
| Impact | The CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9 accurately characterizes a medium-severity, remotely exploitable flaw with no authentication barrier and low attack complexity, but with impact constrained to low integrity and low availability (VI:L/VA:L) - no confidentiality exposure exists. There is no EPSS data provided in the available intelligence, and this CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, indicating no confirmed active exploitation at the time of analysis. The attack is trivially automatable given PR:N/AC:L/UI:N, which raises SSVC automatable signal, but the blast radius is bounded entirely to the invitation workflow. This is a genuine nuisance-to-moderate risk rather than a critical incident: an attacker can burn an organization's invite quota and create ghost accounts, but cannot read existing user data, execute code, or escalate privileges. The real-world priority should be calibrated to whether the affected Capgo deployment actively uses the invitation workflow. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker discovers or is forwarded a valid Capgo invite link for a target organization. They script automated POST requests to the accept_invitation endpoint using the invite token but with arbitrary invalid captcha values. Because the account creation logic runs before captcha enforcement, each request results in a new account being committed and the invite link consumed, exhausting the organization's pending invitations and blocking legitimate users from onboarding. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jul 10, 2026
Capgo's accept_invitation endpoint creates user accounts before captcha validation is enforced, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass captcha entirely by submitting POST requests with invalid captcha tokens. This logic-ordering flaw enables automated account creation and exhaustion of invite links against any Capgo instance running versions prior to 12.128.2. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog.
RemediationAI
Upgrade Capgo to version 12.128.2 or later, which corrects the execution order of captcha validation to occur before account creation in the accept_invitation endpoint, as documented in the vendor advisory at https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-whc5-fvr7-g5v3. If an immediate upgrade is not feasible, apply rate limiting on the accept_invitation endpoint to constrain automated abuse - note this does not remediate the root validation flaw but reduces the attacker's throughput for burning invite links. Additionally, consider invalidating and regenerating all pending invite tokens after patching, since previously issued tokens may have been partially enumerated or abused. Restricting the endpoint to known IP ranges where invitees are expected to originate provides a further compensating control with the trade-off of blocking legitimate remote users.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Capgo is an open-source live update platform for Capacitor-based mobile applications, providing over-the-air update delivery infrastructure. The vulnerability is a logic sequencing flaw in the accept_invitation endpoint where the account provisioning step executes before the captcha verification step completes - a direct manifestation of CWE-287 (Improper Authentication). Because the captcha check is a post-creation gate rather than a pre-creation gate, supplying any invalid token still results in a committed account record. The CPE string cpe:2.3:a:capgo:capgo:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* confirms all versions prior to 12.128.2 are affected. The CVSS 4.0 base vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) confirms the endpoint is reachable without authentication over the network.
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Network-accessible endpoint requires no privileges or interaction; impact is limited to low integrity (ghost accounts) and low availability (invite exhaustion), no confidentiality loss.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
1DescriptionCVE.org
Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an improper validation vulnerability in the accept_invitation endpoint that creates user accounts before captcha validation is enforced. Attackers can bypass captcha protection by sending POST requests with invalid captcha tokens to create unwanted accounts and burn invite links.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
Cross-domain SSO account takeover in Capgo before 12.128.2 allows an attacker with enterprise org admin access and a mal
Authentication bypass in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets remote unauthenticated attackers mint arbitrary API keys by tamperin
Account pre-registration hijack in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets a remote unauthenticated attacker claim an account under a
Authentication bypass in Capgo prior to version 12.128.2 lets attackers defeat email-based OTP verification by tampering
Rate-limit bypass in Capgo versions prior to 12.128.2 lets remote unauthenticated attackers flood the channel_self endpo
Cross-tenant data poisoning in Supabase Capgo before 12.128.2 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to corrupt billing
Server-side privilege escalation in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets authenticated users holding build permissions abuse a pat
Unauthenticated information disclosure in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets remote attackers query the /functions/v1/channel_se
Account takeover in Capgo before 12.128.2 stems from a password-change endpoint that omits current-password validation (
Information disclosure in Capgo (Capacitor live-update/OTA platform) before 12.128.2 lets unauthenticated callers abuse
Unauthenticated information disclosure in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets remote attackers read organization RBAC role bindin
Cross-tenant authorization bypass in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets authenticated users impersonate another tenant's limited
EUVD-2026-42884
GHSA-pj32-crq8-r292
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB