Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessReach exposed CSMS WebSocket endpoint
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DeliveryOpen authentication session
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ExploitFlood unthrottled auth requests
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ExecutionExhaust resources or brute-force credentials
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ImpactDeny service or gain unauthorized access
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Brute-force prevention, rate limiting
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| Exploitation Conditions | The specific prerequisite is network reachability to the Evoke CSMS WebSocket authentication interface; per the CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) no authentication, no privileges, and no user interaction are required, so against an exposed endpoint this is remote and unauthenticated. The concrete enabling condition named in the description is the WebSocket API's complete absence of authentication-request rate limiting. Limiting factors: the attacker must have a network path to that endpoint (an internet-exposed CSMS is far more at risk than one segmented behind a VPN/firewall), the brute-force-to-access outcome additionally depends on weak or guessable credentials, and successful exploitation only directly yields availability impact (VA:H) unless credentials are actually cracked. |
| Impact | Signals are partially aligned but incomplete. The official CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H) scores 8.7 and characterizes the primary impact as availability only - consistent with a DoS reading - yet the description's 'brute-force to gain unauthorized access' implies a downstream confidentiality/integrity risk the vector does not credit; defenders should treat the access-compromise path as plausible but credential-strength-dependent. Exploitability factors are favorable to an attacker: network reachable, low complexity, no privileges, no user interaction. No EPSS score, no KEV listing, and no POC were provided, so real-world exploitation cannot be confirmed - this reads as a high-CVSS issue whose true priority hinges on whether the CSMS WebSocket endpoint is internet-exposed and whether account lockout exists elsewhere. Note the conflict: VA:H frames availability impact, while the brute-force language frames an access/auth impact - verify the intended consequence with the vendor or CISA advisory. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who can reach the Evoke CSMS WebSocket endpoint opens connections and submits authentication requests in a tight loop with no throttling to stop them. They either flood the endpoint until it exhausts resources and legitimate charge points can no longer connect (DoS), or they iterate through credential guesses at high speed to brute-force a valid account. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, but the attack requires only basic scripting given the network vector and low complexity. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv3 – Jun 25, 2026
Denial-of-service and credential brute-force exposure in Evoke Systems' Evoke CSMS (an EV charging station management system) stems from its WebSocket API enforcing no rate limit on authentication requests, letting a remote, network-positioned attacker flood the authentication endpoint to exhaust resources or rapidly guess credentials for unauthorized access. CISA's ICS-CERT (advisory ICSA-26-176-02) coordinated this issue, which carries a CVSS 4.0 base of 8.7 driven by high availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Earlier versions of this analysis (2)
Denial-of-service and credential brute-forcing affect Evoke CSMS, the Evoke Systems Charging Station Management System used to operate EV charging infrastructure, because its WebSocket API enforces no rate limiting on authentication requests. Remote attackers can flood the authentication endpoint to exhaust service availability or repeatedly guess credentials to gain unauthorized access. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; the CVSS 4.0 base score is 8.7 (high), driven by high availability impact.
Denial-of-service and credential brute-forcing against Evoke CSMS (a Charging Station Management System used in EV charging infrastructure) are possible because the WebSocket API enforces no rate limiting on authentication requests. Remote attackers can flood the auth endpoint to exhaust availability (CVSS 7.5, A:H) or submit unlimited credential guesses to gain unauthorized access. Reported via CISA ICS-CERT (ICSA-26-176-02); no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch version is identified in the available data, so consult the CISA advisory (https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-176-02) and contact Evoke Systems (https://evokesystems.com/contact-us/) for fixed-version guidance and apply it once published. As compensating controls, place the CSMS WebSocket API behind a reverse proxy or WAF that enforces per-source connection and authentication-attempt rate limiting and temporary lockout (trade-off: aggressive thresholds may disrupt legitimate charge points that reconnect frequently); restrict network reachability of the WebSocket endpoint to known charge-point IP ranges via firewall/allowlist or VPN rather than leaving it internet-facing (trade-off: requires accurate inventory of charger source addresses); and enforce strong, unique credentials plus monitoring/alerting on repeated failed authentications to blunt the brute-force path (trade-off: detection-only, does not stop the DoS). Verify any version number against the vendor advisory before deploying.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
Evoke CSMS is a Charging Station Management System used in EV-charging/OT environments; such platforms typically expose a WebSocket interface (commonly the OCPP transport) so charge points and operators can establish persistent sessions with the backend. The root cause is CWE-307 (Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts): the WebSocket authentication handler accepts an unbounded number of attempts without throttling, lockout, or backoff. The single affected product is identified by CPE cpe:2.3:a:evoke:evoke_csms (all versions per the CPE wildcard). Because authentication can be retried at machine speed over the network, the same missing-control class enables both resource exhaustion (DoS) and online password/credential guessing (brute force).
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Remote, low-complexity, unauthenticated WebSocket flooding yields availability impact (A:H); confidentiality/integrity left N since access compromise is credential-dependent and not guaranteed.
Primary rating from Vendor (icscert).
CVSS VectorVendor: icscert
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
The WebSocket Application Programming Interface lacks restrictions on the number of authentication requests. This absence of rate limiting may allow an attacker to conduct denial-of-service attacks or brute-force attacks to gain unauthorized access.
Executive ViewAI
Evoke Systems' Evoke CSMS charging station management platform contains a critical vulnerability allowing attackers to cause service outages and compromise operator accounts without authentication. Organizations with internet-facing Evoke charging infrastructure are at immediate risk of operational disruption and unauthorized access to charging network controls. No vendor patch is currently available, requiring urgent interim containment measures.
Until vendor patch available: (1) Deploy network or WAF rate limiting on authentication endpoint; (2) Implement IP whitelisting, restricting access to known operator subnets only; (3) Enable real-time alerting for failed authentication anomalies exceeding baseline thresholds; (4) Isolate Evoke CSMS behind VPN tunneling or jump-host architecture to eliminate direct external accessibility; (5) Capture and monitor WebSocket connection logs for resource exhaustion patterns and brute-force signatures.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
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