PhpSpreadsheet CVE-2026-45034

Summary

CVE-2026-34084 was patched by the helper File::prohibitWrappers. The helper calls parse_url($filename, PHP_URL_SCHEME) and then checks is_string($scheme) && strlen($scheme) > 1 to reject stream wrappers such as phar://, php://, data:// or expect://. The check is not equivalent to "does the path contain a wrapper". When the input has the form phar:///path/file.phar/inner with three or more slashes after the scheme, parse_url returns boolean false instead of returning the scheme string. The is_string($scheme) branch is therefore skipped, the helper returns without throwing, and the caller proceeds. PHP's stream layer, however, still treats phar:///... as a valid phar wrapper and opens the underlying phar file. The result is that IOFactory::load($attackerPath) walks past the patch and still touches the phar wrapper. On PHP 7.x, simply reaching the phar wrapper via is_file is enough for PHP to automatically deserialize the phar metadata, which in turn invokes the magic methods __wakeup and __destruct of an attacker controlled object and gives full RCE. On PHP 8.x, automatic metadata deserialization for plain file ops was removed, so the chain at the PhpSpreadsheet layer reduces to a phar wrapper file read primitive, and RCE only resurfaces if the downstream consumer ever calls Phar::getMetadata.

Vulnerable code

The file vendor/phpoffice/phpspreadsheet/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Shared/File.php is byte identical across all six latest tags listed below:

public static function prohibitWrappers(string $filename): void
{
    $scheme = parse_url($filename, PHP_URL_SCHEME);
    if (is_string($scheme) && strlen($scheme) > 1) {
        throw new Exception("Stream wrappers are not permitted as file paths: {$filename}");
    }
}

For input phar://x/dummy.csv the call returns the string "phar" and the throw fires correctly. For input phar:///work/exploit.phar/dummy.csv the same call returns false and the throw is skipped, which is the bypass.

Confirmed affected versions

Tested on 2026-05-03. The prohibitWrappers source on disk is identical across all six tags.

Version 1.30.4 is the latest tag of the 1.x branch, which is the only branch that still supports PHP 7.x. Version 5.7.0 is the latest tag overall on Packagist at the time of testing.

No branch beyond 1.30.x allows any release before Php 8. For branches beyond 1.30.x, although the code identified above is in error, and will be corrected, it does not lead to any security exposure. That would require a Phar::getMetadata call, which is not present in PhpSpreadsheet. If possible and reasonable, the release notes for the fix on the other branches will include release-note: security.

Reproduction

Requires Docker only, no local PHP install. Run:

bash run.sh

The script does the following in order: build exploit.phar using php:7.4-cli with phar.readonly=0, install phpoffice/phpspreadsheet:5.7.0 through composer and run exploit.php on php:8.3-cli to show that the bypass still works against the latest tag, then install 1.30.4 and run again on php:7.4-cli to show the full RCE chain. All output is teed to evidence.txt.

exploit.php ships two controls. The negative control uses phar://x/dummy.csv to confirm that the patch still rejects the standard wrapper form. The positive control uses phar:///work/exploit.phar/dummy.csv to show that the three slash variant slips through. On PHP 7.4 the gadget writes the file pwned_marker containing the lines WAKEUP: phpspreadsheet-bypass and DESTRUCT: phpspreadsheet-bypass, which is the proof that attacker controlled code ran inside the victim process.

Suggested fix

Do not rely on parse_url to detect wrappers, because its behavior depends on the slash count and on the PHP version. Either of these is safe:

public static function prohibitWrappers(string $filename): void
{
    if (str_contains($filename, '://')) {
        throw new Exception("Stream wrappers are not permitted as file paths: {$filename}");
    }
}

Alternatively, run the path through realpath() first, since realpath returns false for any wrapper prefixed path.

Files in this report

• build-phar.php: builds exploit.phar with a gadget object in its metadata.
• exploit.php: main PoC, with the negative and positive controls.
• exploit.phar: prebuilt phar, the gadget writes a marker when deserialized.
• composer.json: spec used by composer to install the version under test.
• run.sh: end to end reproducer through Docker.
• evidence.txt: log captured from the most recent run.sh invocation.