Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability was determined in Duende IdentityServer 4. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /connect/authorize of the component Token Renewal Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument id_token_hint causes improper authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is described as difficult. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
AnalysisAI
A improper authentication vulnerability exists in Duende IdentityServer 4 affecting the Token Renewal Endpoint at /connect/authorize, where manipulation of the id_token_hint parameter can bypass authentication controls. This vulnerability affects Duende IdentityServer 4 across all versions, allowing remote attackers without credentials to gain unauthorized access with high complexity exploitation requirements. No active exploitation in the wild (KEV status unknown), no public proof-of-concept available, and the vendor has not responded to early disclosure attempts.
Technical ContextAI
The vulnerability resides in Duende IdentityServer 4 (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:duende:identityserver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*), specifically in the /connect/authorize endpoint which handles OpenID Connect token renewal flows. The root cause is classified as CWE-287 (Improper Authentication), indicating that the id_token_hint parameter—intended as a hint to optimize token validation—is being insufficiently validated before accepting authentication decisions. The id_token_hint is an OpenID Connect standard parameter designed to improve user experience by providing a previously-issued ID token, but improper implementation allows attackers to supply crafted values that circumvent proper authentication mechanisms.
RemediationAI
Immediate action: Contact Duende Software directly for security patches, as the vendor has not yet responded to disclosure. Until a patch is available, implement compensating controls by: (1) enforcing strict validation of all id_token_hint values server-side, rejecting any hints that do not cryptographically verify against the issuer's key material; (2) disabling the id_token_hint optimization if not strictly required by business logic; (3) implementing additional authentication factors or re-authentication ceremonies for sensitive operations; (4) restricting network access to /connect/authorize via Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules that validate OpenID Connect request syntax; (5) enabling detailed audit logging of all token renewal attempts with parameter inspection. Monitor VulDB (https://vuldb.com/?id.351380) and official Duende channels for patch announcements.
Same weakness CWE-287 – Improper Authentication
View allSame technique Authentication Bypass
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-12659