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Mupdf CVE-2026-25556

MEDIUM
Double Free (CWE-415)
2026-02-06 disclosure@vulncheck.com
Denial Of Service Mupdf Artifex
5.9
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: vulncheck
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Send crafted PDF with barcode
  2. Delivery
    Trigger display list rendering
  3. Exploit
    Exception occurs during pixmap processing
  4. Execution
    Double-free in error handler
  5. Impact
    Heap corruption and process crash

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-415
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Double free prevention
Exploitation Conditions

MuPDF versions 1.23.0–1.27.0 with barcode decoding enabled; application must process untrusted PDF files containing barcode elements via fz_decode_barcode_from_display_list() or equivalent display list rendering paths.
Impact

CVSS 7.5 (HIGH). Attack vector: Network. Complexity: Low. Privileges required: None. User interaction: None. Public exploit/POC available.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker could exploit this flaw, a double-free that can corrupt the heap and crash the proces.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026

MuPDF versions 1.23.0 through 1.27.0 are vulnerable to a double-free memory corruption flaw in the display list rendering function that can be triggered through crafted barcode input during exception handling. Applications using MuPDF's barcode decoding feature can crash or potentially experience heap corruption when processing specially crafted files. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and a patch is available.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Mar 12, 2026 - 21:54 CVSS 7.5

MuPDF versions 1.23.0 through 1.27.0 contain a double-free vulnerability in fz_fill_pixmap_from_display_list() when an exception occurs during display list rendering. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available — apply it immediately. Restrict network access to the affected service where possible.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Affects Mupdf. MuPDF versions 1.23.0 through 1.27.0 contain a double-free vulnerability in fz_fill_pixmap_from_display_list() when an exception occurs during display list rendering. The function accepts a caller-owned fz_pixmap pointer but incorrectly drops the pixmap in its error handling path before rethrowing the exception. Callers (including the barcode decoding path in fz_decode_barcode_from_display_list) also drop the same pixmap in cleanup, resulting in a double-free that can corrupt the heap and crash

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

Vendor (vulncheck) PRIMARY 5.9 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Red Hat 5.3 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (vulncheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: vulncheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Active
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

5
Severity Changed
Jul 14, 2026 - 16:22 NVD
HIGH MEDIUM
CVSS changed
Jul 14, 2026 - 16:22 NVD
7.5 (HIGH) 5.9 (MEDIUM)
PoC Detected
Feb 24, 2026 - 21:07 vuln.today
Public exploit code
Patch released
Feb 24, 2026 - 21:07 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Feb 06, 2026 - 17:16 nvd
HIGH 7.5

DescriptionCVE.org

MuPDF versions 1.23.0 through 1.27.0 contain a double-free vulnerability in fz_fill_pixmap_from_display_list() when an exception occurs during display list rendering. The function accepts a caller-owned fz_pixmap pointer but incorrectly drops the pixmap in its error handling path before rethrowing the exception. Callers (including the barcode decoding path in fz_decode_barcode_from_display_list) also drop the same pixmap in cleanup, resulting in a double-free that can corrupt the heap and crash the process. This issue affects applications that enable and use MuPDF barcode decoding and can be triggered by processing crafted input that causes a rendering-time error while decoding barcodes.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

MuPDF, a PDF processing library used in document management and rendering applications, contains a critical memory vulnerability that could allow attackers to crash services or potentially execute code. Organizations using MuPDF versions 1.23.0-1.27.0 in production systems face operational disruption risk, particularly if these systems process untrusted PDF documents from external sources.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 84% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

50
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +30
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service MEDIUM

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:artifex:mupdf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Same weakness CWE-415 – Double Free

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CVE-2014-0502 HIGH POC
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Same technique Denial Of Service

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CVE-2011-0611 HIGH POC
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CVE-2012-1889 HIGH POC
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CVE-2012-0507 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2014-1761 HIGH POC
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CVE-2011-0609 HIGH POC
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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: High
Product Status
openSUSE Tumbleweed Fixed

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://cgit.ghostscript.com/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/mupdf.git/commit/?id=d4743b6092d513321c23c6f7fe5cff87cde043c1 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/344696 REF https://mupdf.com/ REF https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mupdf-barcode-decoding-double-free

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