Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain expired workflow-trigger token from prior form submission
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DeliverySend unauthenticated HTTP replay request to Bit Form endpoint
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ExploitPlugin fails to reject expired transient token
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ExecutionAuthorization gate bypassed
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PersistConfigured workflow actions execute
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ImpactNotification emails sent and integrations triggered repeatedly
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Authorization checks on every request
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the attacker to possess or discover a previously issued workflow-trigger token for a target form - obtainable from a prior legitimate or attacker-controlled form submission, from intercepted network traffic, or potentially from server logs or referrer headers if tokens appear in URLs. The associated WordPress transient for the token must have expired for the vulnerable code path to be reached. The target form must have at least one workflow action configured (email notification, integration, webhook, etc.) - a form with no workflow actions produces no meaningful impact. No authentication is required once the token is in hand. Exploitation is limited to replaying existing workflow actions; it does not grant code execution, file access, or data exfiltration. The attack surface is bounded to sites running Bit Form with active workflow configurations. |
| Impact | The provided CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L) yields a 6.5 Medium score and is internally consistent with the description: the attack is network-reachable, requires no authentication, and no user interaction. Practical impact is limited to integrity and availability at the Low tier - no confidentiality loss, no code execution. No EPSS score is available in the supplied data, so exploitation probability cannot be quantified numerically; however, the presence of a public PoC from WPScan (a widely-followed vulnerability tracker) materially lowers the bar for abuse. The vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, suggesting no confirmed mass exploitation at analysis time, though that status can change. The highest real-world risk is operational: abusive replay of notification emails (causing deliverability harm) or triggering paid third-party integration API calls at scale (causing cost amplification or rate-limit exhaustion). Sites with sensitive workflow actions - lead submission webhooks, Slack alerts, payment integrations - face disproportionate impact relative to the Medium CVSS score. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who previously submitted a form (or observed a form submission token in transit via a shared or logged URL) waits for the associated WordPress transient to expire, then replays the original workflow-trigger request to the plugin endpoint. Because the expired-transient path lacks proper authorization rejection, the plugin executes all configured workflow actions - sending notification emails to site administrators, firing CRM webhooks, or posting Slack messages - as if a legitimate submission occurred. A public PoC is available via WPScan, making this a low-skill, reproducible attack. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jul 21, 2026
Unauthenticated workflow replay in the Bit Form WordPress plugin (versions before 3.1.0) allows external attackers to re-trigger any form's configured workflow actions - including notification emails and third-party service integrations - by submitting an expired workflow-trigger token that the plugin fails to properly reject. The root cause is missing authorization enforcement at the token-validation layer after WordPress transient expiry, classified under CWE-862. No public exploitation in CISA KEV is recorded, but a publicly available proof-of-concept exists per WPScan, elevating operational risk for sites with high-value workflow integrations such as CRM hooks or payment notifications.
RemediationAI
The primary fix is to upgrade the Bit Form WordPress plugin to version 3.1.0 or later via the WordPress admin dashboard or wp-cli (wp plugin update bit-form). The vendor-released patch is confirmed per WPScan advisory https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/3ed474fc-8363-4068-9a12-3d63be4a81bd/. If immediate upgrade is not possible, a compensating control is to disable or restrict the specific workflow action types most sensitive to replay abuse - particularly outbound webhook or email notification actions - through the Bit Form workflow configuration panel, accepting the trade-off of losing automated notifications until the patch is applied. Sites should also audit form submission logs for anomalous replay patterns (repeated workflow triggers for the same or similar token values) to identify retrospective abuse. No additional firewall rule or WAF signature can reliably block this at the network layer since the replayed request is structurally identical to a legitimate one.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Bit Form is a WordPress form-builder plugin that uses WordPress transients - a native caching API that stores ephemeral key-value pairs with configurable TTLs in the wp_options table - to issue and validate workflow-trigger tokens. These tokens gate execution of post-submission workflow actions (email notifications, webhook calls, third-party integrations). CWE-862 (Missing Authorization) is the root cause: the plugin's token validation logic does not properly enforce a rejection path once the associated transient has expired, meaning a previously valid token can be replayed indefinitely without authorization. CPE cpe:2.3:a:unknown:bit_form:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* covers all versions of the plugin up to but not including 3.1.0. The 'unknown' vendor identifier in the CPE string reflects NVD/EUVD not yet resolving the canonical vendor slug, which is typical for smaller WordPress plugin authors.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
Network-reachable replay with no auth or interaction required; impact confined to unauthorized workflow re-execution with no confidentiality loss.
Primary rating from Vendor (WPScan).
CVSS VectorVendor: WPScan
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
The Bit Form WordPress plugin before 3.1.0 does not properly validate its workflow-trigger token once the associated transient has expired, allowing unauthenticated attackers to re-trigger a form's configured workflow actions such as notification emails and integrations.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
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EUVD-2026-46161
GHSA-xfxr-j75f-v7p4
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB