Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessObtain valid unexpired victim OTP out-of-band
-
ExploitSend two concurrent login POST requests
-
ExecutionWin non-atomic check-then-delete race in Redis
-
ImpactEstablish two authenticated sessions from one OTP
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Concurrency control, locking
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Three concrete conditions must all hold: (1) the MISP instance has email-based OTP login enabled (not the default for every deployment); (2) the attacker already possesses a valid, unexpired OTP for the target user, obtained via email interception or social engineering - the flaw cannot be triggered without this code; and (3) the attacker can issue two login POST requests within the narrow window between the OTP read/validate and its deletion. Limiting factors: AC:H reflects that the race window is small and timing-dependent, success only duplicates a session the OTP would already have granted, and impact is confined to low integrity (no confidentiality or availability loss). |
| Impact | This is a genuine but low-urgency issue. The vendor-supplied CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N, score 6.3 Medium) is internally consistent with the description: AC:H correctly reflects that the attacker must win a narrow non-atomic read/validate/delete race in Redis, and the impact is limited to low integrity (VI:L/SI:L) with no confidentiality or availability effect. The most important mitigating signal is a precondition the raw vector understates - PR:N is technically accurate (the attacker holds no MISP account privileges) but exploitation requires already possessing a valid, unexpired OTP obtained out-of-band (email interception or social engineering), so this is not a standalone remote-unauthenticated compromise. No EPSS score was provided, there is no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit was identified; the only code artifact is the vendor's fix commit, not a weaponized POC. Net effect of a successful race is marginal - a single OTP yields two sessions rather than one - which does not meaningfully expand access an OTP holder would not otherwise obtain. Treat as a defense-in-depth hardening fix (patch in normal cycle), not an emergency. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who has intercepted or socially engineered a victim's valid email OTP submits two MISP login POST requests simultaneously, racing the check-then-delete window so both reads see the still-present OTP before either deletion commits, yielding two authenticated sessions from one code. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis; the only available artifact is the vendor patch commit, and the high attack complexity (AC:H) makes reliable race-winning non-trivial. |
Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.
Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 07, 2026
Concurrent HTTP POST requests to MISP's email OTP login endpoint can both authenticate using the same one-time password, breaking the single-use guarantee and establishing duplicate sessions. Affected versions before 2.5.48 are vulnerable when email OTP login is enabled; exploitation requires the attacker to already hold a valid, unexpired OTP (via interception or social engineering) and to time two requests within the narrow race window. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified, and the independent assessment rates this as a genuine but low-urgency integrity issue (CVSS 3.1 base 3.6, high attack complexity) because success merely duplicates a session the OTP already granted.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: upgrade to MISP 2.5.48 or later. The upstream fix is commit ba95e67d5, which makes OTP deletion atomic by requiring the Redis DEL to return 1 before allowing authentication. Until upgrading, disable email OTP login if it is not essential for your environment-this removes the attack surface but sacrifices that second-factor option. Alternatively, enforce strict rate limiting and concurrency controls on the OTP verification endpoint to constrain the race window; be aware that distributed attackers may bypass per-IP limits. Also shorten OTP lifetimes and monitor for duplicate concurrent OTP submissions from the same user/IP. Apply the patch as the primary action, as workarounds only reduce risk rather than eliminate the race condition. Advisory: https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw is a race condition (CWE-362) in MISP's email-based OTP login flow, implemented in app/Controller/UsersController.php. The stored OTP is read from a shared Redis store, compared with hash_equals, and then deleted in separate, non-atomic steps. A second request arriving between validation and deletion can read the same OTP before the first request's delete takes effect, allowing both to pass. The vendor fix (commit ba95e67d5) requires that the Redis DEL operation return 1-meaning the calling request actually removed the key-before proceeding to create the session. CPE cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* confirms all versions up to the fix are affected. The assessed CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N) reflects unauthenticated remote access, high attack complexity due to timing, and low integrity impact with no confidentiality or availability loss.
Know when Misp gets its next vulnerability
- Watch products and get an email when something new is published
- Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
No credit card · 7-day full trial
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
AV:N over HTTP and AC:H for the timing-dependent race; PR:N as the attacker holds no MISP privileges (OTP possession is a precondition modeled via AC); I:L only, no C or A impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (CIRCL).
CVSS VectorVendor: CIRCL
DescriptionCVE.org
MISP contains a race condition in the email-based one-time password (OTP) login flow. When two HTTP requests carrying the same valid OTP are submitted concurrently, both can successfully authenticate and establish a session. The root cause is that the OTP value is read from the shared store, validated, and then deleted in separate non-atomic steps, allowing a second in-flight request to read the same value before the first request's deletion takes effect.
Preconditions:
- The target MISP instance has email OTP login enabled.
- The attacker possesses a valid, unexpired OTP (e.g., via email interception or social engineering).
- The attacker can issue two HTTP POST requests in close temporal proximity.
Impact:
- The one-time-use guarantee of the OTP is violated; a single code can yield two authenticated sessions.
- This weakens the authentication control and may facilitate unauthorized access if the OTP is shared or intercepted.
Affected versions: <2.5.48
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
Race conditions occur when multiple concurrent requests exploit the brief time gap between checking a condition and acting upon it (TOCTOU - Time of Check, Time of Use).
An issue was discovered in MISP 2.4.9x before 2.4.99. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exp
An issue was discovered in MISP before 2.4.158. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely explo
app/Controller/Component/IndexFilterComponent.php in MISP before 2.4.167 mishandles ordered_url_params and additional_de
SQL injection in MISP threat intelligence platform versions prior to 2.5.37 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to m
An issue was discovered in MISP before 2.4.158. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitab
MISP 2.4.172 mishandles different certificate file extensions in server sync. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulne
In MISP before 2.4.148, app/Lib/Export/OpendataExport.php mishandles parameter data that is used in a shell_exec call. R
An issue was discovered in app/Controller/UsersController.php in MISP 2.4.92. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this v
An issue was discovered in MISP 2.4.128. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable,
MISP before 2.4.135 lacks an ACL check, related to app/Controller/GalaxyElementsController.php and app/Model/GalaxyEleme
app/View/Elements/genericElements/IndexTable/Fields/generic_field.ctp in MISP 2.4.144 does not sanitize certain data rel
MISP 2.4.148, in certain configurations, allows SQL injection via the app/Model/Log.php $conditions['org'] value. Rated
EUVD-2026-94395
GHSA-fjjq-85mx-vg3v
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB