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Windscribe VPN CVE-2025-65199

HIGH
OS Command Injection (CWE-78)
2025-12-10 9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725
7.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: 9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain local account in windscribe group
  2. Delivery
    Invoke changeMTU helper function
  3. Exploit
    Inject shell metacharacters via adapterName
  4. Execution
    Command executed as root
  5. Impact
    Full host compromise

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires an existing local account on the Linux host that is a member of the 'windscribe' group; the attacker then calls the privileged helper's 'changeMTU' function and supplies a malicious 'adapterName' value containing shell metacharacters, which the helper runs as root. Limiting factors: no network vector (local access mandatory), the account must belong to the windscribe group (a non-default privilege granted by installing/using the client), and the CVSS 4.0 AT:P flag indicates an additional attack requirement must be satisfied. Only Windscribe for Linux Desktop builds prior to v2.18.3-alpha / v2.18.8 are affected.

Impact

This is a local privilege escalation via OS command injection (CWE-78), not a remotely exploitable flaw. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N) confirms the attacker must already have local access AND be a member of the privileged 'windscribe' group, with an additional attack requirement (AT:P) that likely reflects a timing/environmental precondition. All three impact metrics are High (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H) because successful exploitation yields arbitrary command execution as root - a full compromise of the host. The vendor CVSS 4.0 score of 7.3 is a fair reflection: high technical impact but meaningfully gated by the local-access and group-membership prerequisites. EPSS is 1.25% (68th percentile) - modest, consistent with a local-only bug that cannot be mass-scanned or wormed. There is NO CISA KEV listing, so despite a public exploit write-up existing, there is no evidence of active exploitation. Signals are internally consistent: this is a genuine root-privilege-escalation issue worth patching on any Linux host running the affected Windscribe client, but the local + group-membership gating keeps it below the priority of a network-facing unauthenticated flaw. No conflicting data was identified; the CVSS vector and description agree that access is local.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who already has a foothold as an unprivileged local user that belongs to the 'windscribe' group invokes the helper's 'changeMTU' function and injects shell metacharacters through the 'adapterName' parameter, which is passed unsanitized into a command executed as root. A public exploit/write-up (hackingbydoing) documents the technique, lowering the bar for a working local privilege-escalation to root. Because the vector is local (AV:L) this cannot be triggered remotely and requires prior access to the machine and group membership.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 1.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 25, 2026

Local privilege escalation in Windscribe VPN for Linux Desktop lets a user who is a member of the 'windscribe' group execute arbitrary commands as root by supplying a crafted 'adapterName' value to the privileged helper's 'changeMTU' function. Only Linux builds prior to v2.18.3-alpha and v2.18.8 are affected, and exploitation mandates an existing local account with windscribe-group membership, so it is not remotely reachable. Publicly available exploit code exists (a published write-up), EPSS is modest at 1.25% (68th percentile), there is no KEV listing, and the vendor has shipped a fix.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: upgrade Windscribe for Linux Desktop to v2.18.3-alpha or v2.18.8, which contain the command-injection fix; the diff for the corrected changeMTU handling is visible in the v2.18.2...v2.18.3 comparison commits linked from the advisory (https://github.com/Windscribe/Desktop-App/compare/v2.18.2...v2.18.3). Because exploitation requires membership in the 'windscribe' group, an effective compensating control is to audit and remove non-essential accounts from that group, recognizing the trade-off that members lose the client's privileged network operations (such as MTU changes); note that this group is a non-default privilege granted during client installation/use, so tightening membership narrows the blast radius but does not eliminate the underlying flaw. Do not run the privileged helper with attacker-influenceable interface/adapter names, and prefer the patched build over workarounds wherever possible; the public exploit write-up (https://hackingbydoing.wixsite.com/hackingbydoing/post/windscribe-vpn-local-privilege-escalation) and the vendor CSAF should be used to confirm exposure.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause is OS command injection (CWE-78): a privileged helper in the Windscribe Linux client constructs a shell command using the attacker-controlled 'adapterName' parameter without sanitizing shell metacharacters, so injected tokens are executed with root privileges. This is a classic confused-deputy pattern in which a setuid/root helper accepts input from a lower-privileged, same-host caller. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H) and our corroborating CVSS 3.1 assessment (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) agree on a local, low-privilege, no-user-interaction attack that fully compromises confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the host. The AT:P (Attack Requirements: Present) flag signals that a precondition beyond raw access must be met - here, membership in the 'windscribe' group and invoking the changeMTU path - which is consistent with the group-membership prerequisite rather than any network exposure. CPE data confines impact to Linux builds, listing 2.18.1:alpha, 2.18.3, 2.18.5 and a wildcard version range.

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Severity by source

Vendor (9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725) PRIMARY 7.3 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 7.8 HIGH

Local vector and low-privilege windscribe-group membership required (AV:L/PR:L); unsanitized adapterName yields root command execution, so C/I/A all High, scope unchanged within the same OS.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725).

CVSS VectorVendor: 9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

A command injection vulnerability exists in Windscribe for Linux Desktop App that allows a local user who is a member of the windscribe group to execute arbitrary commands as root via the 'adapterName' parameter of the 'changeMTU' function. Fixed in Windscribe v2.18.3-alpha and v2.18.8.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Windscribe VPN for Linux Desktop contains a high-severity local privilege escalation vulnerability that can let a user in the windscribe group execute arbitrary commands as root on affected endpoints. This is limited to Linux systems with existing windscribe-group accounts, and publicly available exploit code exists, so unmanaged or broadly provisioned VPN clients could become a foothold for endpoint compromise. Vendor-released patches are available in v2.18.3-alpha and v2.18.8, making prompt version remediation the key risk reduction step.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
1.3%
Top 32% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
Consumer VPN client; the Linux desktop build is a small user subset
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 1.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

57
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +36
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:windscribe:windscribe:*:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:windscribe:windscribe:2.18.1:alpha:*:*:*:linux:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:windscribe:windscribe:2.18.3:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:windscribe:windscribe:2.18.5:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*

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