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Firebird CVE-2025-54989

MEDIUM
NULL Pointer Dereference (CWE-476)
2025-08-15 security-advisories@github.com
Denial Of Service Null Pointer Dereference Suse Firebird Firebirdsql
5.3
CVSS 3.1 · GitHub Advisory
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-476
OWASP Top 10:2025
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions
ASVS 5.0
V16 - Security Logging and Error Handling Null pointer safety, defensive checks
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Impact

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 5.3 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.18%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

Firebird is a relational database. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Check pointers before dereferencing. Use static analysis tools to detect null pointer paths.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as NULL Pointer Dereference (CWE-476), which allows attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer. Firebird is a relational database. Prior to versions 3.0.13, 4.0.6, and 5.0.3, there is an XDR message parsing NULL pointer dereference denial-of-service vulnerability in Firebird. This specific flaw exists within the parsing of xdr message from client. It leads to NULL pointer dereference and DoS. This issue has been patched in versions 3.0.13, 4.0.6, and 5.0.3. Affected products include: Firebirdsql Firebird.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

GitHub Advisory PRIMARY 5.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SUSE MEDIUM

Primary rating from GitHub Advisory.

CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Low

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Mar 28, 2026 - 19:07 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Aug 15, 2025 - 15:15 nvd
MEDIUM 5.3

DescriptionGitHub Advisory

Firebird is a relational database. Prior to versions 3.0.13, 4.0.6, and 5.0.3, there is an XDR message parsing NULL pointer dereference denial-of-service vulnerability in Firebird. This specific flaw exists within the parsing of xdr message from client. It leads to NULL pointer dereference and DoS. This issue has been patched in versions 3.0.13, 4.0.6, and 5.0.3.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using Firebird should be aware of moderate risk from CVE-2025-54989, a null pointer dereference vulnerability rated CVSS 5.3. Exploitation could compromise the security of affected deployments. A patch is available and should be applied during regular vulnerability management.

Business Impact: Low
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: enable ASLR/DEP, apply network segmentation.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 60% exploitable
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS Vendor GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
Low

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Null Pointer Dereference MEDIUM

A null pointer dereference occurs when a program attempts to access memory through a pointer that has been set to NULL (address 0x0).

Denial of Service MEDIUM

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory

cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Remote code execution in Firebird RDBMS versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14 allows authenticated users with CREAT
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8.8 Mar 24

Insufficient checks in the UDF subsystem in Firebird 2.5.x before 2.5.7 and 3.0.x before 3.0.2 allow remote authenticate
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The xdr_status_vector function in Firebird before 2.1.7 and 2.5.x before 2.5.3 SU1 allows remote attackers to cause a de
CVE-2026-28224 HIGH
8.2 Apr 17

Null pointer dereference in Firebird SQL server causes remote denial-of-service when unauthenticated attackers send malf
CVE-2026-27890 HIGH
8.2 Apr 17

Remote denial-of-service in Firebird database server versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14 allows unauthenticated n
CVE-2026-35215 HIGH
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Firebird database server crashes via crafted slice packet exploiting zero-length SDL descriptor validation flaw. Remote

CVE-2026-34232 HIGH
7.5 Apr 17

Remote denial-of-service in Firebird Database Server versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14 allows unauthenticated n
CVE-2026-33337 HIGH
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Buffer overflow in Firebird RDBMS allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash database servers via malformed slice

CVE-2026-28212 HIGH
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Remote unauthenticated denial of service in Firebird SQL database server versions prior to 6.0.0/5.0.4/4.0.7/3.0.14 allo

Same weakness CWE-476 – NULL Pointer Dereference

View all
CVE-2016-0742 HIGH
7.5
CVE-2014-3470 MEDIUM
4.3
CVE-2020-1967 HIGH POC
7.5
CVE-2017-3730 HIGH POC
7.5
CVE-2017-3169 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2016-4957 HIGH
7.5
CVE-2021-3449 MEDIUM
5.9
CVE-2015-3194 HIGH
7.5

Same technique Denial Of Service

View all
CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-2462 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-0611 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-1889 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-0507 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2014-1761 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2015-5122 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-0609 HIGH POC
7.8

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7 Fixed
openSUSE Leap 15.6 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7 Fixed
openSUSE Leap 15.6 Fixed

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/commit/169da595f8693fc1a65a79c741724b1bc8db9f25 ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:02991/ REF https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/issues/8554 REF https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7qp6-hqxj-pjjp REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00021.html

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