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Libavif CVE-2025-48175

MEDIUM
Integer Overflow or Wraparound (CWE-190)
2025-05-16 cve@mitre.org
Buffer Overflow Integer Overflow Suse Libavif Aomedia
4.5
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-190
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Integer overflow checks
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 4.5 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, high complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.34%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local attacker with access to the system could cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
Monitor Track and reassess. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

In libavif before 1.3.0, avifImageRGBToYUV in reformat.c has integer overflows in multiplications involving rgbRowBytes, yRowBytes, uRowBytes, and vRowBytes. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required. Public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Validate arithmetic operations, use safe integer libraries, check bounds before allocation.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Integer Overflow (CWE-190), which allows attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow. In libavif before 1.3.0, avifImageRGBToYUV in reformat.c has integer overflows in multiplications involving rgbRowBytes, yRowBytes, uRowBytes, and vRowBytes. Affected products include: Aomedia Libavif. Version information: before 1.3.0.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 4.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L
SUSE MEDIUM

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
Low

Lifecycle Timeline

3
Patch released
Mar 28, 2026 - 18:42 nvd
Patch available
PoC Detected
Nov 03, 2025 - 20:19 vuln.today
Public exploit code
CVE Published
May 16, 2025 - 05:15 nvd
MEDIUM 4.5

DescriptionCVE.org

In libavif before 1.3.0, avifImageRGBToYUV in reformat.c has integer overflows in multiplications involving rgbRowBytes, yRowBytes, uRowBytes, and vRowBytes.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using libavif should be aware of moderate risk from CVE-2025-48175, a integer overflow vulnerability rated CVSS 4.5. Exploitation could cause memory corruption or application crashes. Proof-of-concept code is publicly available. A patch is available and should be applied during regular vulnerability management.

Business Impact: Low
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: enable ASLR/DEP, apply network segmentation.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 43% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Low

Priority Score

42
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +22
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Buffer Overflow HIGH

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Integer Overflow MEDIUM

Integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation produces a result that exceeds the maximum value a given integer type can store.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:aomedia:libavif:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

More in Libavif

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4.5 May 16

In libavif before 1.3.0, makeRoom in stream.c has an integer overflow and resultant buffer overflow in stream->offset+si

Same weakness CWE-190 – Integer Overflow or Wraparound

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Same technique Buffer Overflow

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CVE-2019-11043 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2009-0927 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-1889 HIGH POC
8.8

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS Fixed

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif/commit/64d956ed5a602f78cebf29da023280944ee92efd ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:02816/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:02817/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:03237/ REF https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif/security/advisories/GHSA-762c-2538-h844 REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00031.html

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