CVE-2025-4412

MEDIUM
2025-05-27 [email protected]
4.8
CVSS 4.0
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CVSS Vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
X

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Analysis Generated
Mar 28, 2026 - 18:44 vuln.today
CVE Published
May 27, 2025 - 10:15 nvd
MEDIUM 4.8

Tags

Apple Privilege Escalation macOS

Description

On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission. This issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.

Analysis

On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Technical Context

This vulnerability is classified as Incorrect Default Permissions (CWE-276), which allows attackers to access resources due to overly permissive default settings. On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission. This issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity. Version information: version 1.11.5.

Affected Products

See vendor advisory for affected versions.

Remediation

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Set restrictive default permissions, follow principle of least privilege, review defaults during deployment.

Priority Score

24
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +0.1
CVSS: +24
POC: 0

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CVE-2025-4412 vulnerability details – vuln.today
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