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Mailman CVE-2025-43920

MEDIUM
OS Command Injection (CWE-78)
2025-04-20 cve@mitre.org
Command Injection Suse Mailman Gnu
5.4
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-78
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 5.4 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, high complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available. EPSS exploitation probability: 1.37%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could execute arbitrary operating system commands on the host by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 1.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

GNU Mailman 2.1.39, as bundled in cPanel (and WHM), in certain external archiver configurations, allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via shell metacharacters in an email. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Avoid passing user input to shell commands. Use language-specific APIs instead of shell execution. Apply strict input validation with allowlists.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as OS Command Injection (CWE-78), which allows attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the host. GNU Mailman 2.1.39, as bundled in cPanel (and WHM), in certain external archiver configurations, allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via shell metacharacters in an email Subject line. NOTE: multiple third parties report that they are unable to reproduce this, regardless of whether cPanel or WHM is used. Affected products include: Gnu Mailman.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.4 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SUSE MEDIUM

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

3
Patch released
Apr 06, 2026 - 08:30 nvd
Patch available
PoC Detected
Apr 28, 2025 - 14:15 vuln.today
Public exploit code
CVE Published
Apr 20, 2025 - 01:15 nvd
MEDIUM 5.4

DescriptionCVE.org

GNU Mailman 2.1.39, as bundled in cPanel (and WHM), in certain external archiver configurations, allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via shell metacharacters in an email Subject line. NOTE: multiple third parties report that they are unable to reproduce this, regardless of whether cPanel or WHM is used.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-43920 presents moderate security risk, a OS command injection vulnerability rated CVSS 5.4. Exploitation could allow attackers to execute code or inject malicious input. Proof-of-concept code is publicly available. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: deploy WAF rules, restrict network access, enable logging.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
1.4%
Top 20% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS Vendor GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 1.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Low

Priority Score

48
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +27
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS Command Injection CRITICAL

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:gnu:mailman:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Same weakness CWE-78 – OS Command Injection

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS Extended Security Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Point of Sale 11 SP3 Fixed

References

Advisories & patches
REF https://code.launchpad.net/~mailman-coders/mailman/2.1 REF https://github.com/cpanel/mailman2-python3 REF https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/21/6

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