Which versions of Waterfall WF-500 are affected by CVE-2025-41275?

The Waterfall WF-500 TX and RX Host Console WebUI (version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 and earlier) contains a critical remote command injection vulnerability enabling unauthenticated attackers on the…

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-41275?

Within 24 hours: Identify and inventory all Waterfall WF-500 deployments and assess management network exposure (which segments can reach the WebUI). Within 7 days: Implement firewall rules to restrict WebUI access to authorized personnel only, require VPN authentication for all management console connections, and enable audit logging on the appliance. Within 30 days: Contact Waterfall for patch release timeline; if unavailable within 30 days, evaluate network air-gapping, reverse proxy WAF deployment, or product replacement alternatives.

Waterfall WF-500 CVE-2025-41275

Q: What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-41275?

CVE-2025-41275 has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.3 (Critical). CVSS vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X. EPSS exploitation probability: 1.0%.

EUVD-2025-209995 CRITICAL

OS Command Injection (CWE-78)

2026-05-29 Nozomi

GHSA-x8xj-254q-5cfr

Command Injection Wf 500

9.3

CVSS 4.0 · NVD

Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY

9.3 CRITICAL

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Lifecycle Timeline

Analysis Generated

May 29, 2026 - 14:25 vuln.today

CVSS changed

May 29, 2026 - 12:22 NVD

9.3 (CRITICAL)

CVE Published

May 29, 2026 - 10:56 nvd

UNKNOWN (no severity yet)

DescriptionCVE.org

Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') in the Console WebUI in Waterfall WF-500 TX and RX Hosts in version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device.

AnalysisAI

Remote unauthenticated OS command injection in the Waterfall WF-500 TX and RX Host Console WebUI (version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040) allows attackers reachable on the management network to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the appliance. The flaw was reported by Nozomi Networks Labs, carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 9.3, and currently has no public exploit identified at time of analysis, with an EPSS score of 1.02% (78th percentile).

Technical ContextAI

The vulnerability is classified as CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command), meaning user-supplied input handled by the Console WebUI is concatenated into a shell command without sufficient sanitization, allowing shell metacharacters to break out of the intended command context. The affected component is the management web interface of the Waterfall WF-500, a unidirectional security gateway (data diode) used in OT/ICS environments to enforce one-way data transfer between segmented networks; both the TX (transmit) and RX (receive) hosts running firmware 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 are impacted, per CPE cpe:2.3:a:waterfall:wf-500:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*. Because the device is typically deployed at trust boundaries between IT and OT networks, code execution on the appliance directly undermines the security architecture it is meant to enforce.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis in the provided data, so operators should consult Waterfall Security and the Nozomi advisory at https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2025-41275 for an updated firmware build beyond 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 and apply it as soon as it is offered. Until a fixed firmware is installed, restrict reachability to the Console WebUI by placing the management interface on a dedicated out-of-band management VLAN, enforcing firewall ACLs that permit access only from a small set of trusted administrative jump hosts, and disabling any direct WAN or IT-network exposure of the WebUI port - these controls effectively gate the network attack vector but introduce operational friction for remote administration and require strict jump-host hygiene. Add network detection for unexpected POST/parameter activity against the WebUI and monitor the appliance for anomalous outbound connections or unexpected process execution, since compromise of a unidirectional gateway undermines the OT segmentation it enforces.