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Chrome CVE-2025-3522

MEDIUM
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect) (CWE-601)
2025-04-15 security@mozilla.org
Chrome Google Open Redirect Microsoft Mozilla
6.3
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-601
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V3 - Web Frontend Security Redirect URL validation
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 6.3 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.23%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could redirect users to malicious websites via URL manipulation by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

Thunderbird processes the X-Mozilla-External-Attachment-URL header to handle attachments which can be hosted externally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Validate redirect destinations against an allowlist, avoid using user input in redirect URLs.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Open Redirect (CWE-601), which allows attackers to redirect users to malicious websites via URL manipulation. Thunderbird processes the X-Mozilla-External-Attachment-URL header to handle attachments which can be hosted externally. When an email is opened, Thunderbird accesses the specified URL to determine file size, and navigates to it when the user clicks the attachment. Because the URL is not validated or sanitized, it can reference internal resources like chrome:// or SMB share file:// links, potentially leading to hashed Windows credential leakage and opening the door to more serious security issues. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 137.0.2 and Thunderbird < 128.9.2. Affected products include: Mozilla Thunderbird.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SUSE MEDIUM
Red Hat 7.4 HIGH

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
Low

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Apr 06, 2026 - 02:30 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Apr 15, 2025 - 15:16 nvd
MEDIUM 6.3

DescriptionCVE.org

Thunderbird processes the X-Mozilla-External-Attachment-URL header to handle attachments which can be hosted externally. When an email is opened, Thunderbird accesses the specified URL to determine file size, and navigates to it when the user clicks the attachment. Because the URL is not validated or sanitized, it can reference internal resources like chrome:// or SMB share file:// links, potentially leading to hashed Windows credential leakage and opening the door to more serious security issues. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 137.0.2 and Thunderbird < 128.9.2.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-3522 presents moderate security risk rated CVSS 6.3. Exploitation could compromise the security of affected deployments. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: restrict network access and enable monitoring.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 54% exploitable
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Low

Priority Score

32
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +32
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Same weakness CWE-601 – URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect)

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium
Product Status
SUSE Liberty Linux 8 Fixed
SUSE Liberty Linux 9 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP6 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6 Fixed
openSUSE Leap 15.6 Fixed

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4229 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4389 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4512 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4513 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4514 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4617 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4649 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4654 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4665 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:7435 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:7507 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/304743 ADVISORY https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-26/ ADVISORY https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-27/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:1366/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:15000/ REF https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1955372

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