What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-28380?

CVE-2025-28380 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 6.1 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for CVE-2025-28380?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for CVE-2025-28380. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-28380?

Within 30 days: Identify affected systems running OpenC3 COSMOS and apply vendor patches as part of regular patch cycle. Verify Content-Security-Policy and output encoding.

Cosmos CVE-2025-28380

EUVD-2025-18280 MEDIUM

Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79)

2025-06-13 cve@mitre.org

XSS Cosmos Openc3

6.1

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-79 OWASP Top 10:2025 A05:2025 - Injection ASVS 5.0 V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	Attackers can steal session cookies, redirect users to malicious sites, deface content, or perform actions on behalf of authenticated users. With a CVSS score of 6.1 (MEDIUM), this represents a moderate risk.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	An attacker injects a JavaScript payload into a vulnerable input field. When another user views the page, the script executes in their browser, stealing their session token.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).

No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 14, 2026

A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in OpenC3 COSMOS before v6.0.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML via injecting a crafted payload into the URL parameter.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 14, 2026 - 21:34 CVSS 6.1

RemediationAI

Encode all user-supplied output contextually (HTML, JS, URL). Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers. Use HTTPOnly and Secure cookie flags.

Affected VersionsENISA

n/a n/a

Affected Packages

pypi openc3 no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in pypi

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Cross-site scripting (XSS) allows injection of client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users due to insufficient output encoding.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.1 MEDIUM

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

Required

Scope

Changed

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

Low

Availability

None

Lifecycle Timeline

PoC Detected

Oct 27, 2025 - 15:15 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

Jun 13, 2025 - 14:15 nvd

MEDIUM 6.1

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using OpenC3 COSMOS should be aware of moderate risk from CVE-2025-28380, a cross-site scripting vulnerability rated CVSS 6.1. Attackers could inject scripts to steal sessions or perform actions as authenticated users. Proof-of-concept code is publicly available. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: implement CSP headers, enable HttpOnly cookies, deploy WAF XSS rules.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 74% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

5 sources

Confidence: Medium

EUVD

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity MEDIUM

CISA KEV No

Public POC Yes

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Scheduled

Exploitation· derived

Poc

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Human Impact

Low

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +30

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Cross-Site Scripting MEDIUM

Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.

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Critical remote code execution vulnerability in OpenC3 COSMOS v6.0.0's Plugin Management component that allows unauthent

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Directory traversal vulnerability in OpenC3 COSMOS versions before 6.1.0 that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to

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A security vulnerability in OpenC3 COSMOS (CVSS 7.5) that allows attackers. Risk factors: public PoC available.

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Privilege escalation in OpenC3 COSMOS allows low-privileged authenticated users to bypass API authorization and perform

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Authenticated OS command injection in OpenC3 COSMOS 5.12.0 through 7.2.1 allows a user with a valid session to run arbit

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OpenC3 COSMOS password change functionality accepts valid session tokens in lieu of current passwords, enabling attacker

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OpenC3 COSMOS versions 5.0.6 through 7.2.x contain a stored cross-site scripting flaw in the shared-screen BUTTON widget

Same weakness CWE-79 – Cross-site Scripting (XSS)

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CVE-2017-9248 CRITICAL POC

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References

Advisories & patches

ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28380 ADVISORY https://openc3.com ADVISORY https://visionspace.com/openc3-cosmos-a-security-assessment-of-an-open-source-mission-framework REF https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/commit/12e3e12307afd3dbfc306f20d60400989db89883 REF https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/pull/1816 REF https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/releases/tag/v6.0.2 REF https://openc3.com/

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