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Debian Linux CVE-2025-23419

MEDIUM
Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863)
2025-02-05 f5sirt@f5.com
Authentication Bypass Debian Nginx Red Hat Debian Linux Nginx Plus Suse F5
5.3
CVSS 4.0 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-863
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Authorization logic validation
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 5.3 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 3.83%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources by sending crafted requests to the affected application.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 3.8% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

When multiple server blocks are configured to share the same IP address and port, an attacker can use session resumption to bypass client certificate authentication requirements on these servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Review and test authorization logic, implement consistent access control checks, use centralized authorization framework.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863), which allows attackers to bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources. When multiple server blocks are configured to share the same IP address and port, an attacker can use session resumption to bypass client certificate authentication requirements on these servers. This vulnerability arises when TLS Session Tickets https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_session_ticket_key are used and/or the SSL session cache https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_session_cache are used in the default server and the default server is performing client certificate authentication. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated. Affected products include: F5 Nginx, F5 Nginx Plus, Debian Debian Linux.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.3 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE 4.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Red Hat 4.3 MEDIUM

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
None
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Apr 05, 2026 - 08:30 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Feb 05, 2025 - 18:15 nvd
MEDIUM 5.3

DescriptionCVE.org

When multiple server blocks are configured to share the same IP address and port, an attacker can use session resumption to bypass client certificate authentication requirements on these servers. This vulnerability arises when TLS Session Tickets https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_session_ticket_key are used and/or the SSL session cache https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_session_cache are used in the default server and the default server is performing client certificate authentication.

Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-23419 presents moderate security risk, a incorrect authorization vulnerability rated CVSS 5.3. Attackers could gain access beyond their authorized level. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: restrict network access and enable monitoring.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
3.8%
Top 12% exploitable
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low
NVD CVE.org EPSS Vendor

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 3.8%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Low

Priority Score

30
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +4
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication Bypass CRITICAL

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r32:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r32:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r33:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r33:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium
Product Status
SUSE Liberty Linux 9 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 Fixed
openSUSE Leap 15.6 Fixed
openSUSE Tumbleweed Fixed

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:7331 ADVISORY https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000149173 ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:03089/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:03243/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:03444/ REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/02/05/8 REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00017.html

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