CVE-2025-11709
CRITICALCVSS VectorNVD
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Lifecycle Timeline
1DescriptionNVD
A compromised web process was able to trigger out of bounds reads and writes in a more privileged process using manipulated WebGL textures. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 144, Firefox ESR 115.29, Firefox ESR 140.4, Thunderbird 144, and Thunderbird 140.4.
AnalysisAI
Out-of-bounds memory corruption in Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird allows unauthenticated remote attackers to achieve code execution via malicious WebGL texture operations. A compromised web content process can exploit manipulated WebGL textures to trigger out-of-bounds reads and writes in privileged browser processes, potentially leading to full system compromise. Affects Firefox <144, Firefox ESR <115.29 and <140.4, and Thunderbird <144 and <140.4. Vendor-released patches available across all affected product lines. CVSS 9.8 reflects network-accessible, no-authentication-required attack with high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the specific Bugzilla reference (1989127) indicates detailed technical analysis exists.
Technical ContextAI
This vulnerability exploits WebGL texture processing in Mozilla's browser engine architecture. WebGL is a JavaScript API for hardware-accelerated 3D graphics rendering in web browsers, operating within sandboxed web content processes. The vulnerability (CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write) occurs when malicious WebGL texture data crosses the privilege boundary between the isolated web content process and higher-privileged parent processes responsible for GPU operations and browser control. By crafting specific WebGL texture parameters or operations, an attacker can manipulate memory pointers or buffer calculations to read from and write to arbitrary memory locations outside intended boundaries. The privilege escalation from sandboxed web content to browser parent process is particularly severe, as it breaks fundamental security isolation barriers that protect users from malicious web content. The affected products span Firefox ESR 115.x and 140.x branches, mainline Firefox through version 143, and Thunderbird email client versions utilizing the same Gecko rendering engine, as confirmed by CPE strings cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox and cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird.
RemediationAI
Immediately upgrade to patched versions: Firefox 144 or later, Firefox ESR 115.29 or later for the 115 branch, Firefox ESR 140.4 or later for the 140 branch, Thunderbird 144 or later, or Thunderbird 140.4 or later for ESR deployments. Consult Mozilla Security Advisories MFSA2025-81 (https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-81/), MFSA2025-82 (https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-82/), MFSA2025-83 (https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-83/), MFSA2025-84 (https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-84/), and MFSA2025-85 (https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-85/) for product-specific update instructions. Debian users should apply updates per debian-lts-announce lists from October 2025. No effective workarounds exist beyond disabling WebGL entirely via about:config (webgl.disabled=true), which breaks legitimate web application functionality. Enterprise environments should prioritize ESR updates given extended support timelines and increased attack surface in organizational deployments.
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