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MOLGENIS EMX2 CVE-2025-10355

MEDIUM
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect) (CWE-601)
2025-10-23 cve-coordination@incibe.es
5.1
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: incibe
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Craft EMX2 URL with /%2f%2f malicious-domain payload
  2. Delivery
    Deliver link to victim via phishing email
  3. Exploit
    Victim clicks trusted-looking EMX2 link
  4. Execution
    Browser redirects to attacker phishing site
  5. Impact
    Harvest credentials on spoofed page

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V3 - Web Frontend Security Redirect URL validation
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the victim to click an attacker-crafted link pointing at a legitimate MOLGENIS EMX2 v11.14.0 instance, where a redirection parameter accepts an externally-controlled destination encoded as '/%2f%2f<MALICIOUS_DOMAIN>' (double-encoded slash bypass). No authentication is needed to craft the link (PR:N), but successful exploitation is gated entirely on social engineering - the user must be induced to click, and there is no impact on the EMX2 application itself, only on the phishing destination the victim is sent to. There is no automated/default-config server compromise path.

Impact

This is a genuinely low-priority issue despite a moderate 5.1 CVSS 4.0 score. The vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A) describes a network-reachable, unauthenticated open redirect, but it requires active user interaction (UI:A - the victim must click an attacker-crafted link) and produces NO direct impact on the EMX2 system itself (VC:N/VI:N/VA:N). The only scored impact is on subsequent/downstream systems (SC:L/SI:L) - i.e., the harm lands on whatever phishing or malicious site the user is redirected to, not on MOLGENIS. EPSS is low at 0.30% (21st percentile), there is no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit code was identified, so exploitation is neither confirmed nor imminent. Open redirects are trivially simple to weaponize technically, but their value is purely as a phishing/social-engineering enabler rather than a standalone compromise, which keeps real-world priority low. No signals conflict here: the CVSS, EPSS, and absence of KEV/POC all point consistently to a low-urgency, low-severity finding.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker crafts a URL on the trusted MOLGENIS EMX2 host that abuses the redirection parameter with a payload like '/%2f%2f<attacker-domain>', and delivers it via email or chat. A user who trusts the EMX2 domain clicks the link and is silently redirected to a phishing page harvesting credentials. No public exploit code was identified, though the technique is trivial to reproduce manually.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 01, 2026

Open redirection in MOLGENIS EMX2 v11.14.0 allows attackers to craft manipulated URLs using the redirection parameter formatted as '/%2f%2f<MALICIOUS_DOMAIN>', sending victims to phishing sites or other malicious destinations. The vulnerability is remotely reachable and does not require authentication to craft the malicious link (CVSS 4.0 base score 5.1; independent assessment CVSS 3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N), but successful exploitation depends entirely on social engineering because the victim must click the crafted link. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, no confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV), and EPSS is 0.30% (21st percentile), consistent with a low-priority issue whose impact is limited to the external phishing destination rather than the EMX2 application itself.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis; the INCIBE-CERT advisory at https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/open-redirection-vulnerability-molgenis-emx2 should be monitored for an updated EMX2 release that addresses the redirect handling. Until a fix is available, the most effective compensating control is to constrain the redirection parameter to relative, internal paths-reject any value containing encoded or literal protocol-relative prefixes such as '//', '%2f%2f', or backslash variants-and normalize URLs before validation so that double-encoded slashes cannot bypass the check. An allowlist of permitted redirect hosts or paths should be enforced server-side; the trade-off is that legitimate cross-domain redirects (for example SSO or documentation links) will break and must be added explicitly. If redirect functionality cannot be restricted, place the EMX2 instance behind a reverse proxy that rewrites or blocks responses containing external Location headers, though this adds operational complexity and may interfere with legitimate redirects. Because exploitation relies on user interaction, reinforce phishing awareness and advise users to verify links before clicking; no server-side code execution or data compromise path is known, so perimeter or WAF rules targeting the specific '/%2f%2f' pattern can be used as a lower-fidelity stopgap with the caveat that encoding variants may evade them.

Affected ProductsAI

MOLGENIS EMX2 v11.14.0 is the affected product according to the advisory from INCIBE-CERT. No CPE strings were provided in the intelligence feed, so the exact platform packaging (for example the EMX2 web application or its Docker distribution) is not further specified by the source data. The vendor advisory is available at https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/open-redirection-vulnerability-molgenis-emx2 and should be consulted for any updated version ranges or platform-specific notes. No other products or version ranges are identified in the provided references.

Affects your stack

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Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The issue is a classic CWE-601 open redirect in MOLGENIS EMX2 v11.14.0, an open-source data management and biobanking platform. The redirection logic accepts an externally controlled destination when supplied as '/%2f%2f<MALICIOUS_DOMAIN>'; the double-encoded forward slashes are decoded by the application (or an intermediate layer) into '//<MALICIOUS_DOMAIN>', which many parsers treat as a protocol-relative external URL. This bypasses naive redirect validation that only checks for a leading '//' or validates the hostname after single decoding. Because the redirect is served by the legitimate EMX2 instance, the crafted link inherits the trust of that domain, making it effective for phishing. The impact is confined to the redirect destination: the EMX2 application itself is not compromised, there is no server-side code execution or data exposure, and exploitation requires the victim to click the attacker-supplied link (UI:R). No authentication is needed to construct the URL (PR:N), and the attack vector is network-based with low complexity once the victim is socially engineered.

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Severity by source

Vendor (incibe) PRIMARY 5.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
vuln.today AI 6.1 MEDIUM

Network-reachable unauthenticated link requires victim click (UI:R); redirect to a different origin is a scope change (S:C) with only limited phishing-enabled confidentiality/integrity impact and no availability impact.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (incibe).

CVSS VectorVendor: incibe

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Active
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
None
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
Low
Subsequent system: Integrity
Low
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Open redirection vulnerability in MOLGENIS EMX2 v11.14.0. This vulnerability allows an attacker to create a malicious URL using a manipulated redirection parameter, potentially leading users to phishing sites or other malicious destinations via “/%2f%2f<MALICIOUS_DOMAIN>”.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 79% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche open-source scientific/biobank data-management platform used in research
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0
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