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Grub2 CVE-2024-45777

MEDIUM
Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
2025-02-19 secalert@redhat.com
Buffer Overflow Memory Corruption Red Hat Enterprise Linux Grub2 Openshift Gnu
6.7
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: redhat
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-787
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, write limits
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 6.7 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, low complexity, high privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.04%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local attacker with access to the system could write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

A flaw was found in grub2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Validate write boundaries, use memory-safe languages, enable compiler protections (ASLR, stack canaries).

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787), which allows attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes. A flaw was found in grub2. The calculation of the translation buffer when reading a language .mo file in grub_gettext_getstr_from_position() may overflow, leading to a Out-of-bound write. This issue can be leveraged by an attacker to overwrite grub2's sensitive heap data, eventually leading to the circumvention of secure boot protections. Affected products include: Gnu Grub2, Redhat Openshift, Redhat Enterprise Linux.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

Vendor (redhat) PRIMARY 6.7 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SUSE MEDIUM
Red Hat 6.7 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (redhat).

CVSS VectorVendor: redhat

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Apr 02, 2026 - 14:30 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Feb 19, 2025 - 18:15 nvd
MEDIUM 6.7

DescriptionCVE.org

A flaw was found in grub2. The calculation of the translation buffer when reading a language .mo file in grub_gettext_getstr_from_position() may overflow, leading to a Out-of-bound write. This issue can be leveraged by an attacker to overwrite grub2's sensitive heap data, eventually leading to the circumvention of secure boot protections.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using A flaw should be aware of notable risk from CVE-2024-45777, a out-of-bounds write vulnerability rated CVSS 6.7. Exploitation could cause memory corruption or application crashes. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Moderate
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: enable ASLR/DEP, apply network segmentation.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 88% exploitable
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS Vendor

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No

Priority Score

34
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +34
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Buffer Overflow HIGH

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Memory Corruption HIGH

Memory corruption occurs when a program writes data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory regions or accesses memory in unintended ways, violating the integrity of the process's address space.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

More in Grub2

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CVE-2015-8370 HIGH POC
7.4 Dec 16

Multiple integer underflows in Grub2 1.98 through 2.02 allow physically proximate attackers to bypass authentication, ob
CVE-2023-4692 HIGH POC
7.8 Oct 25

An out-of-bounds write flaw was found in grub2's NTFS filesystem driver. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerabil
CVE-2024-2312 MEDIUM POC
6.7 Apr 05

GRUB2 does not call the module fini functions on exit, leading to Debian/Ubuntu's peimage GRUB2 module leaving UEFI syst
CVE-2020-15707 MEDIUM POC
6.4 Jul 29

Integer overflows were discovered in the functions grub_cmd_initrd and grub_initrd_init in the efilinux component of GRU
CVE-2024-56737 HIGH
8.8 Dec 29

GNU GRUB (aka GRUB2) through 2.12 has a heap-based buffer overflow in fs/hfs.c via crafted sblock data in an HFS filesys
CVE-2023-4693 MEDIUM POC
4.6 Oct 25

An out-of-bounds read flaw was found on grub2's NTFS filesystem driver. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerabi
CVE-2022-2601 HIGH
8.6 Dec 14

A buffer overflow was found in grub_font_construct_glyph(). Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is no aut
CVE-2021-20233 HIGH
8.2 Mar 03

A flaw was found in grub2 in versions prior to 2.06. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is low attack co
CVE-2020-10713 HIGH
8.2 Jul 30

A flaw was found in grub2, prior to version 2.06. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is low attack compl
CVE-2025-0678 HIGH
7.8 Mar 03

A flaw was found in grub2. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch

CVE-2024-45782 HIGH
7.8 Mar 03

A flaw was found in the HFS filesystem. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No

CVE-2025-1125 HIGH
7.8 Mar 03

When reading data from a hfs filesystem, grub's hfs filesystem module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesyste

Same weakness CWE-787 – Out-of-bounds Write

View all
CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-2462 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2012-1889 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2010-3333 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2014-1761 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2009-3129 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2021-1732 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2013-3346 CRITICAL POC
9.8

Same technique Buffer Overflow

View all
CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2020-0796 CRITICAL POC
10.0
CVE-2019-11043 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2009-0927 HIGH POC
8.8

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium
Product Status
Container suse/manager/5.0/x86_64/server:5.0.4.7.19.1 Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/base-os-container:2.1.3-7.30 Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/base-os-container:2.2.1-5.40 Affected
Container suse/sle-micro-rancher/5.2:latest Image SLES15-SP3-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP3-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP3-HPC-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP3-HPC-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP3-Micro-5-2-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP3-Micro-5-2-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP3-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP3-SAP-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP3-SAP-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP3-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES15-SP3-SAPCAL-GCE Affected
Container suse/sle-micro-rancher/5.3:latest Container suse/sle-micro-rancher/5.4:latest Image SLES15-SP4-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-CHOST-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-CHOST-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-CHOST-BYOS-SAP-CCloud Image SLES15-SP4-HPC-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-HPC-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-HPC-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Proxy-4-3-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Proxy-4-3-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Proxy-4-3-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAPCAL-GCE Affected

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:01961/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:0586/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:0587/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:0588/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:0607/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:0629/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:14822/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:20511/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:20863/ REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:20532 REF https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-45777 REF https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2346343

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