What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-48433?

CVE-2023-48433 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.7%.

Online Voting System Project CVE-2023-48433

CRITICAL

SQL Injection (CWE-89)

2023-12-20 help@fluidattacks.com

PHP SQLi Online Voting System Project Projectworlds

9.8

CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: fluidattacks

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-89 OWASP Top 10:2025 A05:2025 - Injection ASVS 5.0 V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	A remote attacker could execute arbitrary SQL commands against the database by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.

No patch listed yet 0.7% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Online Voting System Project v1.0 is vulnerable to multiple Unauthenticated SQL Injection vulnerabilities. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Use parameterized queries/prepared statements. Never concatenate user input into SQL. Apply least-privilege database permissions.

Affects your stack

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Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as SQL Injection (CWE-89), which allows attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the database. Online Voting System Project v1.0 is vulnerable to multiple Unauthenticated SQL Injection vulnerabilities. The 'username' parameter of the login_action.php resource does not validate the characters received and they are sent unfiltered to the database. Affected products include: Projectworlds Online Voting System Project.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (fluidattacks) PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from Vendor (fluidattacks) · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorVendor: fluidattacks

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

DescriptionCVE.org

Online Voting System Project v1.0 is vulnerable to multiple Unauthenticated SQL Injection vulnerabilities. The 'username' parameter of the login_action.php resource does not validate the characters received and they are sent unfiltered to the database.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.7%

Top 52% exploitable

Data Quality

2 sources

Confidence: Low

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.7%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

CRITICAL severity

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.