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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-89
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 9.46%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could execute arbitrary SQL commands against the database by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
Patch available 9.5% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

By design, the JDBCAppender in Log4j 1.2.x accepts an SQL statement as a configuration parameter where the values to be inserted are converters from PatternLayout. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This SQL Injection vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the database.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Use parameterized queries/prepared statements. Never concatenate user input into SQL. Apply least-privilege database permissions.

Affected Packages

maven log4j:log4j no fix
maven org.zenframework.z8.dependencies.commons:log4j-1.2.17 no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 2 packages in maven

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as SQL Injection (CWE-89), which allows attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the database. By design, the JDBCAppender in Log4j 1.2.x accepts an SQL statement as a configuration parameter where the values to be inserted are converters from PatternLayout. The message converter, %m, is likely to always be included. This allows attackers to manipulate the SQL by entering crafted strings into input fields or headers of an application that are logged allowing unintended SQL queries to be executed. Note this issue only affects Log4j 1.x when specifically configured to use the JDBCAppender, which is not the default. Beginning in version 2.0-beta8, the JDBCAppender was re-introduced with proper support for parameterized SQL queries and further customization over the columns written to in logs. Apache Log4j 1.2 reached end of life in August 2015. Users should upgrade to Log4j 2 as it addresses numerous other issues from the previous versions. Affected products include: Apache Log4J, Netapp Snapmanager, Broadcom Brocade Sannav, Qos Reload4J, Oracle Advanced Supply Chain Planning. Version information: version 2.0.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

By design, the JDBCAppender in Log4j 1.2.x accepts an SQL statement as a configuration parameter where the values to be inserted are converters from PatternLayout. The message converter, %m, is likely to always be included. This allows attackers to manipulate the SQL by entering crafted strings into input fields or headers of an application that are logged allowing unintended SQL queries to be executed. Note this issue only affects Log4j 1.x when specifically configured to use the JDBCAppender, which is not the default. Beginning in version 2.0-beta8, the JDBCAppender was re-introduced with proper support for parameterized SQL queries and further customization over the columns written to in logs. Apache Log4j 1.2 reached end of life in August 2015. Users should upgrade to Log4j 2 as it addresses numerous other issues from the previous versions.

Blast Radius

ecosystem impact
† from your stack dependencies † transitive graph · vuln.today resolves 4-path depth
  • 30,876 maven packages depend on log4j:log4j (7,838 direct, 23,876 indirect)
  • 1 maven packages depend on org.zenframework.z8.dependencies.commons:log4j-1.2.17 (1 direct, 0 indirect)

Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 1.2.17 and other introduced versions.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
9.5%
Top 7% exploitable
Threat Intel
1
1 source
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS GHSA VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 9.5%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

58
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +9
CVSS: +49
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

SQL Injection HIGH

SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:apache:log4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:-:*:*:*:*:oracle:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:-:*:*:*:*:sap:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:broadcom:brocade_sannav:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:qos:reload4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:advanced_supply_chain_planning:12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:advanced_supply_chain_planning:12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_intelligence:5.9.0.0.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_intelligence:12.2.1.3.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_intelligence:12.2.1.4.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_process_management_suite:12.2.1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_process_management_suite:12.2.1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_eagle_ftp_table_base_retrieval:4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_instant_messaging_server:10.0.1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_messaging_server:8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_network_integrity:7.3.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_offline_mediation_controller:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_offline_mediation_controller:12.0.0.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_unified_inventory_management:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_unified_inventory_management:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 22 more

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Same weakness CWE-89 – SQL Injection

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CVE-2024-27956 CRITICAL POC
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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html ADVISORY https://lists.apache.org/thread/pt6lh3pbsvxqlwlp4c5l798dv2hkc85y ADVISORY https://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/index.html ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/190663 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/197730 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/197732 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/197733 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/197791 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/197920 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/18/4 REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220217-0007/

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