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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization XPath query parameterization
Impact

CVSS score of 7.5 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the high-severity affected system.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 6.6% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

dom4j version prior to version 2.1.1 contains a CWE-91: XML Injection vulnerability in Class: Element. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affected Packages

maven dom4j:dom4j no fix
maven org.dom4j:dom4j fix: 2.0.3, 2.1.1

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 2 packages in maven

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-91. dom4j version prior to version 2.1.1 contains a CWE-91: XML Injection vulnerability in Class: Element. Methods: addElement, addAttribute that can result in an attacker tampering with XML documents through XML injection. This attack appear to be exploitable via an attacker specifying attributes or elements in the XML document. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.1.1 or later. Affected products include: Dom4J Project Dom4J, Debian Debian Linux, Oracle Flexcube Investor Servicing, Oracle Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management, Oracle Rapid Planning. Version information: version 2.1.1.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

DescriptionNVD

dom4j version prior to version 2.1.1 contains a CWE-91: XML Injection vulnerability in Class: Element. Methods: addElement, addAttribute that can result in an attacker tampering with XML documents through XML injection. This attack appear to be exploitable via an attacker specifying attributes or elements in the XML document. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.1.1 or later.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
6.6%
Top 7% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 6.6%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

65
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +7
CVSS: +38
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Code Injection CRITICAL

Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:dom4j_project:dom4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:dom4j_project:dom4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_investor_servicing:12.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_investor_servicing:12.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_investor_servicing:12.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_investor_servicing:12.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_investor_servicing:14.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:primavera_p6_enterprise_project_portfolio_management:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:primavera_p6_enterprise_project_portfolio_management:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:primavera_p6_enterprise_project_portfolio_management:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:primavera_p6_enterprise_project_portfolio_management:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:rapid_planning:12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:rapid_planning:12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_integration_bus:15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_integration_bus:16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:utilities_framework:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:utilities_framework:2.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:utilities_framework:4.2.0.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:utilities_framework:4.2.0.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 14 more

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://github.com/dom4j/dom4j/commit/e598eb43d418744c4dbf62f647dd2381c9ce9387 PATCH https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0362 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0364 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0365 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0380 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1159 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1160 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1161 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1162 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3172 REF https://github.com/dom4j/dom4j/issues/48 REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/00571f362a7a2470fba50a31282c65637c40d2e21ebe6ee535a4ed74%40%3Ccommits.maven.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/4a77652531d62299a30815cf5f233af183425db8e3c9a824a814e768%40%3Cdev.maven.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/5a020ecaa3c701f408f612f7ba2ee37a021644c4a39da2079ed3ddbc%40%3Ccommits.maven.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/708d94141126eac03011144a971a6411fcac16d9c248d1d535a39451%40%3Csolr-user.lucene.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/7e9e78f0e4288fac6591992836d2a80d4df19161e54bd71ab4b8e458%40%3Cdev.maven.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/7f6e120e6ed473f4e00dde4c398fc6698eb383bd7857d20513e989ce%40%3Cdev.maven.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/9d4c1af6f702c3d6d6f229de57112ddccac8ce44446a01b7937ab9e0%40%3Ccommits.maven.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/d7d960b2778e35ec9b4d40c8efd468c7ce7163bcf6489b633491c89f%40%3Cdev.maven.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb1b990d7920ae0d50da5109b73b92bab736d46c9788dd4b135cb1a51%40%3Cnotifications.freemarker.apache.org%3E REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/09/msg00028.html REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IOOVVCRQE6ATFD2JM2EMDXOQXTRIVZGP/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KJULAHVR3I5SX7OSMXAG75IMNSAYOXGA/ REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190530-0001/ REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html

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