SQL Injection
SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.
How It Works
SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements. When developers concatenate untrusted data into queries without proper sanitization, attackers can inject SQL syntax that changes the query's logic. For example, entering ' OR '1'='1 into a login form might transform SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='input' into a query that always returns true, bypassing authentication.
Attackers follow a methodical process: first probing input fields with special characters like quotes or semicolons to trigger database errors, then identifying whether the application is vulnerable. Once confirmed, they escalate by injecting commands to extract data (UNION-based attacks to merge results from other tables), manipulate records, or probe the database structure. Blind SQL injection variants work without visible error messages—boolean-based attacks infer data by observing application behavior changes, while time-based attacks use database sleep functions to confirm successful injection through response delays.
Advanced scenarios include second-order injection, where malicious input is stored in the database and later executed in a different context, and out-of-band attacks that exfiltrate data through DNS queries or HTTP requests when direct data retrieval isn't possible. Some database systems enable attackers to execute operating system commands through built-in functions like MySQL's LOAD_FILE or SQL Server's xp_cmdshell, escalating from database compromise to full server control.
Impact
- Complete data breach — extraction of entire database contents including credentials, personal information, and proprietary data
- Authentication bypass — logging in as any user without knowing passwords
- Data manipulation — unauthorized modification or deletion of critical records
- Privilege escalation — granting administrative rights to attacker-controlled accounts
- Remote code execution — leveraging database features to run operating system commands and compromise the underlying server
- Lateral movement — using compromised database credentials to access other connected systems
Real-World Examples
FreePBX's CVE-2025-66039 demonstrated a complete attack chain where SQL injection across 11 parameters in four different endpoints allowed attackers to write malicious entries into the cron_jobs table. When the system's scheduler executed these entries, the injected SQL transformed into operating system commands, granting full server control. The vulnerability required no authentication, making it immediately exploitable.
E-commerce platforms have suffered massive breaches through shopping cart SQL injection, where attackers inserted skimming code into stored procedures that executed during checkout, harvesting credit card data from thousands of transactions. Healthcare systems have been compromised through patient portal vulnerabilities, exposing millions of medical records when attackers injected UNION queries to merge data from supposedly isolated tables.
Mitigation
- Parameterized queries (prepared statements) — separates SQL logic from data, making injection syntactically impossible
- Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks — abstracts database interactions with built-in protections when used correctly
- Strict input validation — whitelist acceptable characters and formats, reject suspicious patterns
- Least privilege database accounts — applications should use credentials with minimal necessary permissions
- Web Application Firewall (WAF) — detects and blocks common injection patterns as a secondary defense layer
- Database activity monitoring — alerts on unusual query patterns or privilege escalation attempts
Recent CVEs (4653)
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in code-projects Fighting Cock Information System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in code-projects Fighting Cock Information System 1.0.php. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Taokeyun up to 1.0.5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Taokeyun up to 1.0.5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Taokeyun up to 1.0.5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Taokeyun up to 1.0.5. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Taokeyun up to 1.0.5. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Fighting Cock Information System 1.0 and classified as critical.php. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in code-projects Fighting Cock Information System 1.0 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in code-projects Dormitory Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in code-projects Dormitory Management System 1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects Dormitory Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Human Resource Integrated System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Human Resource Integrated System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Human Resource Integrated System 1.0 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in code-projects Employee Profile Management System 1.0.php. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects Online Faculty Clearance 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Online Faculty Clearance 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Online Faculty Clearance 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Online Faculty Clearance 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Faculty Management System 1.0 and classified as critical.php. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in Blood Bank & Donor Management 5.6 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in ForU CMS up to 2020-06-23.php. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Nginx-UI is an online statistics for Server Indicators Monitor CPU usage, memory usage, load average, and disk usage in real-time. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in SourceCodester Student Attendance System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in PHPGurukul Hospital Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in PHPGurukul Hospital Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in PHPGurukul Hospital Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in PHPGurukul Hospital Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in PHPGurukul Hospital Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Simple Online Hotel Reservation System 1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in coderd-repos Eva 1.0.0 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in PHPGurukul Dairy Farm Shop Management System up to 1.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in soxft TimeMail up to 1.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Inis up to 2.0.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in weDevs WP ERP | Complete HR solution with recruitment & job listings | WooCommerce CRM &. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Kashipara Dynamic Lab Management System up to 1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Kashipara Dynamic Lab Management System up to 1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in fhs-opensource iparking 1.5.22.RELEASE. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Kashipara Food Management System 1.0.php. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Kashipara Food Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Kashipara Food Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Kashipara Food Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0.php. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0 and classified as critical.php. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Kashipara Food Management System up to 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Kashipara Hospital Management System up to 1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Kashipara Hospital Management System up to 1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in CodeAstro Online Food Ordering System 1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Engineers Online Portal 1.0 and classified as critical. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A SQL injection vulnerability exists in Campcodes Online Traffic Offense Management System version 1.0, specifically in the /admin/offenses/view_details.php file where the 'id' parameter is improperly sanitized. An authenticated attacker with low privileges can exploit this remotely without user interaction to inject arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion. A public proof-of-concept has been disclosed, though the EPSS score of 0.07% (20th percentile) suggests real-world exploitation remains relatively unlikely despite the theoretical severity.
A SQL injection vulnerability exists in Campcodes Online Traffic Offense Management System version 1.0 within the /classes/Master.php file, where the 'id' parameter is not properly sanitized, allowing authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries remotely. An attacker with valid credentials can leverage this vulnerability to read, modify, or delete database contents, potentially compromising sensitive traffic offense records. Public proof-of-concept code is available, increasing real-world exploitation risk.
A critical SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Login.php file of Campcodes Online Traffic Offense Management System 1.0, specifically in the password parameter handling. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and manipulate database queries without requiring any privileges or user interaction. A public proof-of-concept exploit is available on GitHub, though the EPSS score of 0.07% (20th percentile) suggests relatively low observed exploitation activity in the wild.
SQL injection vulnerability affecting Abarcar Realty Portal versions 5.1.5 and 6.0.1, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the 'neid' parameter in newsdetails.php. With a publicly available proof-of-concept exploit and a high EPSS score of 2.69% (86th percentile), this vulnerability poses significant risk despite vendor claims that slistl.php/slid never existed and current versions only generate static pages.
Quick Facts
- Typical Severity
- HIGH
- Category
- web
- Total CVEs
- 4653