Integer Overflow
Integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation produces a result that exceeds the maximum value a given integer type can store.
How It Works
Integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation produces a result that exceeds the maximum value a given integer type can store. In C/C++, this causes the value to "wrap around" to a small number—for example, if a 32-bit unsigned integer at maximum value (4,294,967,295) has 1 added, it wraps to 0. Attackers exploit this by providing carefully crafted input values that, when used in calculations, produce unexpectedly small results.
The most dangerous scenario involves memory allocation. An attacker supplies large values that overflow during size calculations (often when adding header sizes, element counts, or alignment padding), producing a small allocation size. When the program later writes the originally intended large amount of data into this undersized buffer, a heap overflow occurs. For instance: size = user_count * sizeof(struct) + header might overflow if user_count is sufficiently large, resulting in malloc() allocating a tiny buffer that subsequent operations overflow.
Integer overflows also enable logic bypasses. Length checks can be circumvented when overflowed values appear to pass validation. Loop bounds may become incorrect, causing excessive iterations or premature termination. Signed integer overflow (technically undefined behavior in C/C++) can flip positive values to negative, bypassing security checks that assume non-negative numbers.
Impact
- Heap buffer overflow: Undersized allocations lead to memory corruption, enabling arbitrary code execution
- Authentication bypass: Overflowed counters or size checks may skip security validations
- Denial of service: Invalid memory operations cause crashes or infinite loops
- Information disclosure: Incorrect bounds allow reading beyond intended memory regions
- Privilege escalation: Combined with memory corruption, can compromise system integrity
Real-World Examples
The OpenSSH authentication bypass (CVE-2002-0639) involved an integer overflow in challenge-response handling where the number of responses could overflow, allowing authentication bypass. The overflow caused allocation of insufficient memory, which subsequent code exploited to execute arbitrary code.
ImageMagick suffered multiple integer overflow vulnerabilities (CVE-2016-3714 and related) where maliciously crafted image files with extreme dimension values caused size calculations to overflow. This resulted in small heap allocations followed by large writes, enabling remote code execution through image processing.
The Linux kernel's do_brk() function (CVE-2003-0961) contained an integer overflow when calculating memory region sizes. Attackers could wrap the size value to bypass length checks and map memory at arbitrary locations, achieving local privilege escalation.
Mitigation
- Safe arithmetic libraries: Use compiler intrinsics (
__builtin_add_overflow) or libraries (SafeInt, Rust's checked arithmetic) that detect overflow - Pre-calculation validation: Check that operands won't overflow before performing arithmetic operations
- Compiler protections: Enable
-ftrapv(GCC) or/RTCc(MSVC) to trap signed overflow; use UBSan for detection - Use larger types: Perform calculations in 64-bit integers when operands are 32-bit, verify result fits before casting down
- Input validation: Enforce maximum reasonable values on user input before arithmetic
- Modern languages: Use languages with overflow checking (Rust, Swift) or arbitrary precision integers (Python, Java BigInteger)
Recent CVEs (3034)
Solana solana_rbpf before 0.2.29 has an addition integer overflow via invalid ELF program headers. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Integer Overflow or Wraparound in GitHub repository polonel/trudesk prior to 1.2.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Spring Security versions 5.5.x prior to 5.5.7, 5.6.x prior to 5.6.4, and earlier unsupported versions contain an integer overflow vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability in io_uring of Linux Kernel allows local attacker to cause memory corruption and escalate privileges to root. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Allowing long password leads to denial of service in polonel/trudesk in GitHub repository polonel/trudesk prior to 1.2.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
FISCO-BCOS release-3.0.0-rc2 was discovered to contain an issue where a malicious node, via an invalid proposal with an invalid header, will cause normal nodes to stop producing new blocks and. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
FISCO-BCOS release-3.0.0-rc2 was discovered to contain an issue where a malicious node can trigger an integer overflow and cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via an unusually large viewchange message. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in GitHub repository causefx/organizr prior to 2.1.2000. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Allowing long password leads to denial of service in GitHub repository causefx/organizr prior to 2.1.2000. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
There is a vulnerability in htmldoc 1.9.16. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A denial of service vulnerability exists in the libxm_av.so DemuxCmdInBuffer functionality of Anker Eufy Homebase 2 2.1.8.5h. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
On F5 BIG-IP 16.1.x versions prior to 16.1.2.2, 15.1.x versions prior to 15.1.5.1, 14.1.x versions prior to 14.1.4.6, and 13.1.x versions prior to 13.1.5, on platforms with an ePVA and the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In ffjpeg (commit hash: caade60), the function bmp_load() in bmp.c contains an integer overflow vulnerability, which eventually results in the heap overflow in jfif_encode() in jfif.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In ion, there is a possible use after free due to an integer overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In subtitle service, there is a possible application crash due to an integer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In libxml2 before 2.9.14, several buffer handling functions in buf.c (xmlBuf*) and tree.c (xmlBuffer*) don't check for integer overflows. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An integer overflow vulnerability was found in FFmpeg versions before 4.4.2 and before 5.0.1 in g729_parse() in llibavcodec/g729_parser.c when processing a specially crafted file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
NVIDIA Jetson Linux Driver Package contains a vulnerability in the Cboot ext4_mount function, where Insufficient validation of untrusted data may allow a highly privileged local attacker to cause an. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0). No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) trap generation for wireless clients of Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller Software for the Catalyst 9000 Family could allow an. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
stb_image.h v2.27 was discovered to contain an integer overflow via the function stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_dc. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An integer overflow vulnerability exists in the fltSaveCMP functionality of Leadtools 22. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Vyper is a pythonic Smart Contract Language for the ethereum virtual machine. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In ged, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In preloader (usb), there is a possible out of bounds write due to a integer underflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In preloader (usb), there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
GPAC mp4box 1.1.0-DEV-rev1663-g881c6a94a-master is vulnerable to Integer Overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Integer overflow in Mojo in Google Chrome prior to 98.0.4758.102 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An integer overflow flaw was found in the Linux kernel’s virtio device driver code in the way a user triggers the vhost_vdpa_config_validate function. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Mojang Bedrock Dedicated Server 1.18.2 is affected by an integer overflow leading to a bound check bypass caused by PurchaseReceiptPacket::_read (packet deserializer). Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Able to create an account with long password leads to memory corruption / Integer Overflow in GitHub repository microweber/microweber prior to 1.2.12. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
The microweber application allows large characters to insert in the input field "fist & last name" which can allow attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted HTTP request. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
The microweber application allows large characters to insert in the input field "post title" which can allow attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted HTTP request. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in mod_sed of Apache HTTP Server allows an attacker to overwrite heap memory with possibly attacker provided data.4 version 2.4.52 and prior versions. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.
If LimitXMLRequestBody is set to allow request bodies larger than 350MB (defaults to 1M) on 32 bit systems an integer overflow happens which later causes out of bounds writes.4.52 and earlier. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Integer Overflow or Wraparound in GitHub repository microweber/microweber prior to 1.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In nbd-server in nbd before 3.24, there is an integer overflow with a resultant heap-based buffer overflow. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
cmark-gfm is GitHub's extended version of the C reference implementation of CommonMark. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
TP-LINK TL-WR840N(ES)_V6.20_180709 was discovered to contain an integer overflow via the function dm_checkString. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A missing bounds check in the image loader used in Blender 3.x and 2.93.8 leads to out-of-bounds heap access, allowing an attacker to cause denial of service, memory corruption or potentially code. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.
An integer overflow in the processing of loaded 2D images leads to a write-what-where vulnerability and an out-of-bounds read vulnerability, allowing an attacker to leak sensitive information or. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An integer underflow in the DDS loader of Blender leads to an out-of-bounds read, possibly allowing an attacker to read sensitive data using a crafted DDS image file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An integer overflow in WatchGuard Firebox and XTM appliances allows an authenticated remote attacker to trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and potentially execute arbitrary code by initiating a. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow conditions that exist in Trend Micro ServerProtect 6.0/5.8 Information Server could allow a remote attacker to crash the process or achieve remote code execution. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of TP-Link AC1750 prior to 1.1.4 Build 20211022 rel.59103(5553) routers. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Sonos One Speaker prior to 3.4.1 (S2 systems) and 11.2.13 build 57923290 (S1 systems). Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.5, there is an integer overflow in storeRawNames. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.5, there is an integer overflow in copyString. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
In mdp driver, there is a possible memory corruption due to an integer overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Certain D-Link, Edimax, NETGEAR, TP-Link, Tenda, and Western Digital devices are affected by an integer overflow by an unauthenticated attacker. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Integer underflow in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C language implementing standard based protocols such as SIP, SDP, RTP, STUN, TURN, and ICE. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Integer Underflow vulnerability in Mitsubishi Electric GX Works2 versions 1.606G and prior, Mitsubishi Electric MELSOFT Navigator versions 2.84N and prior and Mitsubishi Electric EZSocket versions. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
In apusys, there is a possible memory corruption due to a missing bounds check. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In ccu driver, there is a possible out of bounds read due to an integer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In valid_ipc_dram_addr of cm_access_control.c, there is a possible out of bounds read due to an integer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In osi_malloc and osi_calloc of allocator.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
In getService of IServiceManager.cpp, there is a possible unhandled exception due to an integer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An integer overflow or wraparound vulnerability in the memory allocator of SSLVPN in FortiOS before 7.0.1 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to corrupt control data on the heap via specifically. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An Integer Overflow vulnerability exists in Accops HyWorks Windows Client prior to v 3.2.8.200. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An Integer Overflow exists in Accops HyWorks Windows Client prior to v 3.2.8.200. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An Integer Overflow vulnerability exists in Accops HyWorks DVM Tools prior to v3.3.1.105 . Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An Integer Overflow vulnerability exists in Accops HyWorks DVM Tools prior to v3.3.1.105 .The IOCTL Handler 0x22001B allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code in kernel mode or cause a denial. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Amazon Amazon WorkSpaces agent is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
AmZetta Amzetta zPortal DVM Tools is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Amzetta zPortal Windows zClient is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Donglify is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
FlexiHub For Windows is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Eltima USB Network Gate is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
NoMachine Enterprise Client is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
NoMachine Cloud Server is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
NoMachine Enterprise Desktop is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
NoMachine Server is affected by Integer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
There is a Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability in Huawei Smartphone.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to remote denial of service and potential remote code execution. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is a Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability in Huawei Smartphone.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to Confidentiality or Availability impacted. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
runc is a CLI tool for spawning and running containers on Linux according to the OCI specification. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available.
ARK library allows attackers to execute remote code via the parameter(path value) of Ark_NormalizeAndDupPAthNameW function because of an integer overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Reviews Plus WordPress plugin before 1.2.14 does not validate the submitted rating, allowing submission of long integer, causing a Denial of Service in the review section when an authenticated. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In asf extractor, there is a possible out of bounds read due to an integer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In asf extractor, there is a possible out of bounds read due to an integer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow in the Safestring library maintained by Intel(R) may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) through 6.2.1 has an mpz/inp_raw.c integer overflow and resultant buffer overflow via crafted input, leading to a segmentation fault on 32-bit. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Possible integer overflow can occur due to improper length check while calculating count and grace period in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Industrial IOT,. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in Capital Embedded AR Classic 431-422 (All versions), Capital Embedded AR Classic R20-11 (All versions < V2303), PLUSCONTROL 1st Gen (All versions), SIMOTICS. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A component of the HarmonyOS has a Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.