Information Disclosure

Kernel page fault in Intel IGC network driver XDP TX timestamp handling allows local denial of service when an XDP application requesting TX timestamping shuts down while the interface link remains active. The vulnerability stems from stale xsk_meta pointers left in memory after TX ring shutdown, causing the IRQ handler to dereference invalid kernel addresses and trigger a kernel panic. This affects Linux kernel versions in the igc driver and requires no special privileges or network access, only the ability to run XDP programs on an affected system.

Memory leak in Linux kernel mac80211 subsystem's ieee80211_tx_prepare_skb() function fails to free socket buffers (skb) in one of three error paths, allowing local denial of service through memory exhaustion. The vulnerability affects all Linux kernel versions with the vulnerable code path in wireless MAC 802.11 handling; no active exploitation has been reported, but the fix addresses a resource leak that could be triggered by applications exercising error conditions in Wi-Fi frame preparation.

Race condition in Linux kernel net/mlx5e IPSec offload driver allows concurrent access to a shared DMA-mapped ASO context, potentially causing information disclosure or incorrect IPSec processing results. The vulnerability affects systems using Mellanox MLX5 network adapters with IPSec offload functionality. An attacker with local access to initiate multiple IPSec operations in rapid succession can trigger the race condition, corrupting the shared context and causing subsequent operations to read invalid data, compromising confidentiality and integrity of IPSec-protected traffic.

Linux kernel net/mlx5e driver suffers a race condition during IPSec ESN (Extended Sequence Number) update handling that causes incorrect ESN high-order bit increments, leading to anti-replay failures and IPSec traffic halts. The vulnerability affects systems using Mellanox ConnectX adapters with IPSec full offload mode enabled. Attackers with local network access or the ability to trigger IPSec traffic patterns could exploit this to disrupt encrypted communications, though no public exploit code or active exploitation has been reported.

Linux kernel net shaper module fails to validate netdev liveness during hierarchy read operations, allowing information disclosure through use-after-free conditions when a network device is unregistered while RCU-protected read operations are in progress. The vulnerability affects the netlink operation callbacks in the shaper subsystem, where references acquired during pre-callbacks are not validated before later lock/RCU acquisitions, creating a race condition that can expose kernel memory or cause denial of service. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the issue requires local access to trigger netlink operations.

Linux kernel net shaper subsystem susceptible to race condition during hierarchy creation allows unauthenticated local attackers to leak kernel memory or trigger use-after-free conditions. The vulnerability arises when a netdev is unregistered between reference acquisition during Netlink operation preparation and subsequent lock acquisition, permitting hierarchy allocation after flush operations have completed. Fixed via upstream commits that consolidate locking to pre-callback phase, preventing concurrent write races with flush operations.

NAND flash device lock/unlock operations in the Linux kernel MTD subsystem can race with concurrent erase/write operations, causing cmd_pending conflicts on certain NAND controllers that use PIO-based SET_FEATURES. This race condition is resolved by serializing lock/unlock calls with the NAND device lock, preventing data corruption or system instability on affected controller implementations. The vulnerability affects all Linux kernel versions prior to the fix and is present in systems using raw NAND devices with specific controller hardware implementations.

A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's mshv (Microsoft Hyper-V) driver allows local attackers to trigger a kernel panic by unmapping user memory after a failed mshv_map_user_memory() call. The error path incorrectly calls vfree() without unregistering the associated MMU notifier, leaving a dangling reference that fires when userspace performs subsequent memory operations. This is a memory safety issue affecting the Hyper-V virtualization subsystem in the Linux kernel.

Memory leak in the Linux kernel's Amlogic SPI controller driver (aml_spisg_probe) fails to release SPI controller resources in multiple error paths during probe, allowing local attackers to exhaust kernel memory through repeated driver load/unload cycles or failed probe attempts. The vulnerability has been resolved in the upstream kernel by converting to device-managed SPI allocation functions.

Memory leak in Linux kernel drm/vmwgfx driver caused by overwriting KMS surface dirty tracker without proper cleanup. The vulnerability affects the VMware graphics driver subsystem in the kernel, allowing local attackers to trigger memory exhaustion through repeated surface operations. No CVSS score, EPSS data, or KEV status available; fix commits exist in upstream stable kernel branches.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's ksmbd SMB server allows remote attackers to crash the kernel or potentially execute code via malicious SMB2 DURABLE_REQ_V2 replay operations. The vulnerability occurs when parse_durable_handle_context() unconditionally reassigns file handle connection pointers during replay operations, causing stale pointer dereferences when the reassigned connection is subsequently freed. A KASAN report confirms the use-after-free in spin_lock operations during file descriptor closure, triggered during SMB2 connection handling in the ksmbd-io workqueue. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.

Linux kernel drm/logicvc driver fails to release a device node reference in logicvc_drm_config_parse(), causing a reference leak that can exhaust kernel memory resources over time. The vulnerability affects all Linux kernel versions with the logicvc DRM driver enabled; it requires local access to trigger repeated calls to the vulnerable code path. This is a low-severity resource exhaustion issue resolved via kernel patch implementing automatic cleanup attributes.

Linux kernel KVM ARM64 fails to properly initialize ID registers for non-protected pKVM guests, causing feature detection checks to incorrectly return zero and preventing proper save/restore of system registers like TCR2_EL1 during world switches, potentially leading to state corruption. The vulnerability affects the hypervisor's ability to detect CPU features in non-protected virtual machines despite the initialization flag being incorrectly set. This is a kernel-level logic error that impacts system register handling in ARM64 virtualization.

Linux kernel accel/amdxdna driver fails to validate command buffer payload count, allowing out-of-bounds reads in AMD XDNA accelerator command processing. The vulnerability affects the accel/amdxdna subsystem across unspecified Linux kernel versions and permits information disclosure through unvalidated payload size interpretation. No active exploitation, public proof-of-concept, or CVSS data currently available.

Linux kernel btrfs subsystem fails to free allocated pages in btrfs_uring_read_extent() when error conditions occur before asynchronous I/O completion, leading to memory leaks. The vulnerability affects all Linux kernel versions with the vulnerable btrfs implementation; while tagged as Information Disclosure, the primary impact is denial of service through memory exhaustion rather than data exposure. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified; this is a defensive fix addressing a code path that may never execute under normal conditions but represents a resource management defect.

Memory leak in Linux kernel DRM/XE configfs device release allows information disclosure through unfreed ctx_restore_mid_bb allocation. The xe_config_device_release() function fails to deallocate ctx_restore_mid_bb[0].cs memory that was previously allocated by wa_bb_store(), leaving sensitive kernel memory accessible when the configfs device is removed. Affected Linux kernel versions containing the vulnerable DRM/XE driver require patching to prevent potential information leakage.

Mutex lock-unlock mismatch in the Linux kernel's wlcore Wi-Fi driver allows potential information disclosure or system instability through improper synchronization. The vulnerability occurs when wl->mutex is unlocked without being locked first, detected by the Clang thread-safety analyzer. This affects all Linux kernel versions with the wlcore Wi-Fi driver. No active exploitation has been identified, but the bug creates a race condition that could be leveraged to access shared kernel state.

Second-order SQL injection in Focalboard 8.0 and earlier allows authenticated attackers to exfiltrate password hashes and other sensitive data via time-based blind injection through the category reorder API. Malicious SQL payloads injected into category ID fields persist in the database and execute unsanitized during subsequent reorder operations. Focalboard standalone is unsupported and will not receive a security patch. EPSS score of 0.01% indicates very low observed exploitation probability, consistent with the narrow attack surface requiring authenticated access to an end-of-life product.

Linux kernel RDS TCP subsystem resolves circular locking dependency in rds_tcp_tune() function where socket lock contention with fs_reclaim memory allocation creates deadlock potential. The vulnerability affects all Linux kernel versions with the vulnerable code path in net/rds/tcp.c; the fix relocates sk_net_refcnt_upgrade() outside the socket lock critical section to eliminate the circular lock dependency without compromising synchronization semantics.

Memory leak in Linux kernel DRM/XE register save-restore (reg_sr) module fails to free allocated memory when xa_store() operation fails, potentially allowing local information disclosure or denial of service through repeated trigger of the error path. The vulnerability affects all Linux kernel versions containing the affected drm/xe/reg_sr code prior to the fix commits referenced. No CVSS score or exploit data provided; patch commits are available in upstream Linux repository.

Wahoo Fitness SYSTM App on Android up to version 7.2.1 exposes a hard-coded cryptographic key (SEGMENT_WRITE_KEY) in the BuildConfig.java component, allowing local authenticated attackers to manipulate app arguments and potentially inject malicious data or alter user profiles. The vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 1.9 with low confidentiality impact, requires local access and authenticated privileges, and has publicly available exploit code; however, the vendor has not responded to early disclosure notifications.

Noelse Individuals & Pro App for Android versions up to 2.1.7 uses a hard-coded cryptographic key (SEGMENT_WRITE_KEY) in the BuildConfig.java component, allowing local authenticated attackers to perform information disclosure and potential data injection attacks. The vulnerability requires local access and authenticated user privileges on the device, with publicly available exploit code demonstrating the attack. Despite early vendor notification, no patch or response has been provided.

PropertyGuru AgentNet Singapore App versions up to 23.7.10 on Android expose hard-coded cryptographic keys (SEGMENT_ANDROID_WRITE_KEY and SEGMENT_TOS_WRITE_KEY) in the BuildConfig component, allowing local authenticated attackers to conduct information disclosure and data injection attacks. The vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 1.9 with low confidentiality impact, requires local access and authenticated privileges, and publicly available exploit code exists; however, the vendor has not responded to early disclosure efforts.

Align Technology My Invisalign App 3.12.4 on Android exposes a hard-coded cryptographic key in the BuildConfig.java component that can be extracted via manipulation of the CDAACCESS_TOKEN argument, allowing local attackers with limited user privileges to obtain sensitive credentials. The vulnerability carries a low CVSS score (1.9) due to local-only attack vector and minimal confidentiality impact, but publicly available exploit code exists and the vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts.

Dialogue App versions 4.3.0 through 4.3.2 on Android use a hard-coded cryptographic key in the SEGMENT_WRITE_KEY parameter within res/raw/config.json, allowing local authenticated attackers to perform unauthorized data injection and user profile manipulation on the device. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 1.9 (minimal severity) but publicly available exploit code exists; however, the low CVSS score reflects the local-only attack vector and limited impact scope. The vendor has not responded to early disclosure notifications.

GRID Organiser App versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 on Android expose a hard-coded cryptographic key used for the SegmentWriteKey parameter in the res/raw/app.json component file, enabling local attackers with user-level privileges to manipulate argument values and potentially perform data injection and user profile manipulation. The vulnerability has a CVSS v4.0 score of 1.9 with low confidentiality impact, requires local access and low privileges, and publicly available exploit code exists, though active exploitation has not been confirmed by CISA.

Hard-coded cryptographic key in Rico's Só Vantagem Pra Investir Android app (version 4.58.32.12421 and earlier) allows local authenticated attackers to manipulate the SEGMENT_WRITE_KEY argument in br/com/rico/mobile/di/SegmentSettingsModule.java, enabling unauthorized data injection and user profile manipulation with low confidentiality impact. The vulnerability requires local access and authenticated privileges; publicly available exploit code exists, but the vendor has not responded to disclosure.

Roundcube Webmail before versions 1.5.15 and 1.6.15 fails to properly sanitize SVG content in email messages, allowing the remote image blocking feature to be bypassed via SVG animate elements with malicious attributeName values. This vulnerability enables unauthenticated attackers to bypass access controls and potentially disclose information through image loading, affecting all Roundcube installations using vulnerable versions.

Roundcube Webmail before versions 1.5.14 and 1.6.14 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass the remote image blocking feature via SVG content containing animate attributes in email messages, leading to information disclosure or access control bypass. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.3 (moderate severity) with low attack complexity and no authentication required, though the confidentiality impact is limited.

Roundcube Webmail before versions 1.5.14 and 1.6.14 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass the remote image blocking security feature through a crafted background attribute in a BODY element of an email message, enabling information disclosure via tracking pixels or other image-based reconnaissance. The vulnerability affects all versions prior to 1.5.14 and 1.6.x versions before 1.6.14, with CVSS 5.3 (medium severity) reflecting the low confidentiality impact but lack of authentication requirements.

Type confusion in Roundcube Webmail's password plugin allows authenticated users to change passwords without knowing the old password, affecting versions before 1.5.14 and 1.6.14. The vulnerability stems from incorrect password comparison logic that enables privilege escalation within an authenticated session. While the CVSS score of 4.2 reflects moderate severity and the requirement for prior authentication, the impact is direct account compromise for any authenticated user.

Roundcube Webmail 1.6.0 through 1.6.13 allows Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and Information Disclosure through insufficient CSS sanitization in HTML email messages, enabling attackers to craft malicious stylesheets that reference local network hosts. The vulnerability affects all instances processing HTML emails with external stylesheet links, and does not require authentication due to the unauthenticated attack vector (AV:N, PR:N in CVSS). Vendor-released patch: versions 1.6.14, 1.7-rc5, and later.

Unauthenticated Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in Ech0's /api/website/title endpoint allows remote attackers to access internal network services, cloud metadata endpoints (AWS IMDSv1 at 169.254.169.254), and localhost-bound resources without authentication. The vulnerability accepts arbitrary URLs via the website_url parameter with zero validation, enabling attackers to probe internal infrastructure and exfiltrate partial response data through HTML title tag extraction. CVSS 7.2 reflects the

Context isolation bypass in Electron applications enables privilege escalation when VideoFrame objects are bridged to the main world. Attackers with XSS capabilities can leverage improperly bridged WebCodecs API VideoFrame objects to escape the isolated context and access Node.js APIs exposed in preload scripts. CVSS 8.4 (High) with network attack vector requiring high complexity and user interaction. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though proof-of-concept development is feasible given the detailed vendor disclosure.

UCC CampusConnect App for Android versions up to 14.3.5 expose hard-coded cryptographic keys in the BuildConfig.java file, allowing local attackers with limited privileges to access sensitive cryptographic material and potentially decrypt or forge authentication tokens. The vulnerability has a low CVSS score of 1.9 due to local-only attack vector and limited confidentiality impact, but publicly available exploit code exists, making it actionable for any user with app access on a shared device.

Electron versions prior to 38.8.6, 39.8.1, 40.8.1, and 41.0.0 pass the top-level page origin instead of the requesting iframe's origin to permission request handlers for fullscreen, pointerLock, keyboardLock, openExternal, and media permissions, allowing attackers to trick applications into granting sensitive permissions to embedded third-party content via social engineering or malicious iframe injection. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this via user interaction (iframe load), with CVSS 5.4 indicating moderate confidentiality and integrity impact; no public exploit code or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds heap read in Electron's single-instance lock mechanism on macOS and Linux allows local attackers with same-user privileges to leak sensitive application memory through crafted second-instance messages. Affected Electron versions prior to 41.0.0, 40.8.1, 39.8.1, and 38.8.6 are vulnerable only if applications explicitly call app.requestSingleInstanceLock(); no public exploit code is currently identified, but the CVSS 5.3 score reflects moderate confidentiality impact combined with local attack complexity requirements.

Electron's nodeIntegrationInWorker webPreference fails to properly isolate Node.js integration in worker contexts across certain process-sharing configurations, allowing workers in frames explicitly configured with nodeIntegrationInWorker: false to unexpectedly gain Node.js capabilities. Only applications that explicitly enable nodeIntegrationInWorker are affected. The vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 6.8 and permits information disclosure and code execution in affected contexts, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds read in Apple swift-crypto X-Wing HPKE decapsulation allows remote attackers to trigger memory disclosure or denial of service by supplying a malformed encapsulated key. The vulnerability affects swift-crypto versions prior to 4.3.1 and any macOS or downstream applications using vulnerable versions of the cryptographic library.

Stored API keys in CERT/CC's cveClient encrypt-storage.js are not marked as protected in browser temporary storage, enabling extraction of encryption credentials through JavaScript console access or error messages. Attackers with local access to a user's browser environment can retrieve sensitive API keys without authentication, affecting all versions before 1.1.15.

Bulwark Webmail prior to version 1.4.10 exposes user plaintext passwords through its session API endpoint, allowing network-positioned attackers to harvest credentials from browser logs, local caches, and network proxies. The /api/auth/session endpoint returns authentication credentials in JSON responses without encryption, creating an information disclosure vulnerability (CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though exploitation requires only network access with no authentication (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N), making this a straightforward attack for adversaries monitoring network traffic or accessing browser storage.

Bentley Systems iTwin Platform exposed a Cesium ion access token in web page source code, allowing unauthenticated attackers to enumerate or delete assets managed through Cesium ion services. The token was present in all versions prior to 2026-03-27 and has since been removed and revoked; no further enumeration or deletion is possible with the exposed token. This is a credential disclosure vulnerability affecting iTwin Platform users who relied on the compromised token for asset management.

Hard-coded cryptographic keys in Shinrays Games Goods Triple App up to version 1.200 allow local authenticated users to decrypt sensitive data by manipulating AES_IV and AES_PASSWORD parameters in the jRwTX.java component. The vulnerability requires local access and elevated privileges but has low complexity once exploited; publicly available exploit code exists and the vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts.

vLLM versions 0.5.5 through 0.17.x use incorrect mono audio downmixing via numpy.mean instead of the ITU-R BS.775-4 weighted standard, causing audio processed by AI models to diverge from human perception. An authenticated remote attacker with low privileges can exploit this inconsistency to manipulate audio-based model outputs or infer mismatches between expected and actual audio processing, affecting integrity of audio-driven inference pipelines. The vulnerability has been patched in vLLM 0.18.0.

Supply chain compromise of @usebruno/cli (Bruno API testing tool) deployed a cross-platform Remote Access Trojan via malicious axios dependency versions 1.14.1 and 0.30.4 on npm during a 3-hour window (00:21-03:30 UTC, March 31, 2026). Unauthenticated remote attackers gained full system compromise including credential exfiltration and persistent RAT installation on affected developer workstations. No public exploit code required as the malicious payload executed automatically via npm postinstall

Type confusion in macOS memory handling allows local attackers to cause unexpected app termination through crafted user interaction, affecting macOS Sequoia before 15.6, Sonoma before 14.7.7, and Ventura before 13.7.7. With a CVSS score of 3.3 and SSVC exploitation status of 'none', this represents a low-severity local denial-of-service condition requiring user interaction; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified.

Sandbox escape in macOS Sequoia prior to 15.6 allows local applications with low privileges to break containment via symlink manipulation, potentially accessing restricted system resources and user data. Apple resolved this via improved symlink handling in macOS 15.6. CVSS score of 8.7 reflects high confidentiality and integrity impact with scope change. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though SSVC framework indicates partial technical impact with no current exploitation evidence.

A race condition was addressed with additional validation. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

This issue was addressed through improved state management. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

Improper control of resource identifiers in Newgen OmniDocs up to version 12.0.00 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to access sensitive information via manipulation of the DocumentId parameter in the /omnidocs/WebApiRequestRedirection endpoint. The vulnerability has publicly available exploit code and a low CVSS score (5.5) reflecting confidentiality impact only, but the combination of network-based attack vector, no authentication requirement, and public exploit availability warrants immediate assessment. The vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts.

Leancrypto library prior to version 1.7.1 allows remote attackers to impersonate X.509 certificate identities by crafting certificates with padded Common Names that exploit integer overflow when casting size_t to uint8_t, enabling spoofing in PKCS#7 verification, certificate chain matching, and code signing scenarios. The vulnerability has a moderate CVSS score of 5.9 (network-accessible, high complexity attack) and is not confirmed in active exploitation, though the attack is technically straightforward once a malicious certificate is crafted.

Out-of-bounds read in NanoMQ MQTT Broker webhook processing allows remote attackers with high privileges to trigger denial of service by sending malformed JSON payloads. Prior to version 0.24.10, the hook_work_cb() function in webhook_inproc.c passes unsanitized binary message buffers directly to cJSON_Parse(), which reads past buffer boundaries when payloads lack null terminators. The vulnerability is reliably exploitable when JSON payload length is a power-of-two >=1024 bytes, bypassing nng's allocation padding protection. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified.

Information disclosure in Newgen OmniDocs up to version 12.0.00 allows remote attackers without authentication to extract sensitive data by manipulating the connectionDetails parameter in the /omnidocs/GetWebApiConfiguration endpoint. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 6.3 with high attack complexity, and publicly available exploit code exists; however, no confirmed active exploitation has been reported. The vendor did not respond to early disclosure notification.

Type confusion in Free5GC 4.2.0's aper component allows remote attackers to trigger memory corruption and information disclosure with high attack complexity and without authentication. The vulnerability stems from improper type handling in ASN.1 parsing and has publicly available exploit code, though active exploitation at scale has not been confirmed. CVSS 6.3 with availability impact and exploit proof-of-concept disclosure warrant timely patching.

OpenSSH before 10.3 fails to confirm connection multiplexing in proxy-mode sessions, allowing local attackers with user interaction to bypass intended access controls and potentially manipulate multiplexed connections. The vulnerability affects OpenSSH versions prior to 10.3p1 and requires local access with user interaction (UI:R) on the affected system; while the CVSS score is low (2.5) and integrity impact is limited, the omission of confirmation mechanisms in proxy-mode multiplexing creates a logic flaw that could enable unauthorized session hijacking or redirection in multi-user environments.

OpenSSH before 10.3 incorrectly interprets ECDSA algorithm specifications in PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms and HostbasedAcceptedAlgorithms configuration options, allowing authenticated users to authenticate using unintended ECDSA variants. The vulnerability requires authenticated network access and high attack complexity, resulting in a low CVSS score of 3.1 with integrity impact but no confidentiality or availability loss. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been documented.

Argument/command injection in OpenSSH before 10.3 lets shell metacharacters embedded in an untrusted username trigger command execution on the SSH-client host. It affects deployments that both feed an attacker-influenced username to the ssh command line and use a non-default ssh_config where %-token expansion (e.g. in ProxyCommand/LocalCommand) is enabled. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is negligible (0.01%), and it is not in CISA KEV; a fixed release (10.3/10.3p1) is available.

HTTP response desynchronization in Rack web server framework versions prior to 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6 allows remote attackers to cause Content-Length header mismatches by requesting non-existent paths with percent-encoded UTF-8 characters. The vulnerability stems from Rack::Files#fail using String#size instead of String#bytesize when setting Content-Length, causing declared header values to be smaller than actual bytes transmitted, potentially leading to response framing errors and information disclosure in deployments sensitive to Content-Length validation. No public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation identified at time of analysis.

Information disclosure in Rack web server interface (versions <2.2.23, <3.1.21, <3.2.6) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to access sensitive files due to flawed prefix matching in Rack::Static. The vulnerability enables access to unintended files sharing configured URL prefixes (e.g., '/css' matching '/css-backup.sql'), exposing configuration files, database backups, or environment variables. CVSS 7.5 (High) with network vector and no complexity. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Rack web server interface versions prior to 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6 fail to properly escape regex metacharacters when constructing directory path filtering expressions, causing the Rack::Directory component to expose full filesystem paths in HTML directory listings. An unauthenticated remote attacker can retrieve sensitive path information by requesting directory listings when the configured root path contains regex special characters such as +, *, or ., achieving low-confidentiality impact with CVSS 5.3. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.

Rack's multipart form data parser uses a greedy regular expression that selects the last boundary parameter from a Content-Type header instead of the first, allowing request smuggling when upstream proxies or WAFs interpret the first boundary. This mismatch enables attackers to bypass upstream inspection by crafting multipart requests with duplicate boundary declarations, causing Rack to parse a different body structure than the intermediary validated. Affected versions are Rack prior to 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6; patches are available for all three release branches.

OpenSSH before version 10.3 mishandles the authorized_keys principals option when a principals list is combined with a Certificate Authority that uses certain comma character patterns, allowing authenticated local or remote users to disclose sensitive authorization information or manipulate authentication decisions. This vulnerability affects all OpenSSH versions prior to 10.3p1 and requires authenticated access (PR:L) with non-trivial attack complexity (AC:H), resulting in partial confidentiality and integrity impact. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.

Rack::Utils.forwarded_values in Rack 3.0.0.beta1 through 3.1.20 and 3.2.0 through 3.2.5 misparses RFC 7239 Forwarded headers by splitting on semicolons before processing quoted strings, allowing attackers to inject or smuggle host, proto, for, or by parameters when an upstream proxy or WAF interprets the same header differently. The vulnerability affects request routing and protocol detection logic, enabling potential cache poisoning, host header injection, or protocol confusion attacks in architectures where intermediaries validate quoted Forwarded values inconsistently. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at the time of analysis.

Privilege-escalation exposure in OpenSSH before 10.3 (fixed in 10.3p1) where scp, when run by root using the legacy SCP protocol flag -O and without -p (preserve mode), may write a downloaded file with setuid or setgid bits set, contrary to user expectation. A malicious or compromised SSH server (or a man-in-the-middle on the transfer) could thereby cause an attacker-controlled binary to land on disk as a setuid/setgid-root executable, enabling local privilege escalation when it is later run. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is very low (0.04%), and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as 'none' though technical impact as 'total'.

Apache Traffic Server versions 9.0.0-9.2.12 and 10.0.0-10.1.1 are vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling through malformed chunked transfer encoding, allowing attackers to bypass security controls and smuggle malicious requests. The vulnerability stems from improper parsing of chunked messages (CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests) and affects all deployments using these versions as reverse proxies or intermediaries. Apache has released patched versions 9.2.13 and 10.1.2; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been reported at the time of analysis.

Network denial-of-service in Suricata prior to 7.0.15 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to degrade intrusion detection performance via inefficient DCERPC buffering. The flaw enables attackers to bypass or impair network security monitoring by exhausting system resources through malformed DCERPC traffic, effectively blinding detection capabilities. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though EPSS score and exploitation likelihood were not provided in available data.

Out-of-bounds read in LibRaw up to 0.22.0 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to cause denial of service via manipulation of load_flags or raw_width parameters in the TIFF/NEF decoder (nikon_load_padded_packed_raw function). Publicly available exploit code exists, and vendor-released patch version 0.22.1 is available. CVSS 5.3 with low availability impact and confirmed exploit publication indicates moderate real-world risk.

Denial of service in Suricata 8.0.0 through 8.0.3 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to degrade performance via specially crafted SMTP traffic containing MIME-encoded messages with URLs. The quadratic complexity vulnerability (CWE-407) triggers excessive processing when the IDS/IPS engine searches for URLs in malformed messages. EPSS data not provided, but exploitation probability appears low given no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the requirement for sustained malicious SMTP traffic to achieve impact.

Network-accessible resource exhaustion in Suricata IDS allows remote attackers to degrade detection performance via specially crafted traffic. Affects versions prior to 7.0.15 and 8.0.4 (CVSS 7.5 HIGH). Attack requires no authentication (PR:N) and low complexity (AC:L), enabling trivial performance degradation that could blind security monitoring. EPSS data not available, but no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Vendor patches released for both affected branches (7.0.15, 8.0.4).

Performance degradation in Suricata IDS/IPS engine allows remote unauthenticated attackers to cause denial of service through inefficient Kerberos 5 buffering. Affects versions prior to 7.0.15 and 8.0.4. CVSS 7.5 with high availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS data not provided. Vendor-released patches available in versions 7.0.15 and 8.0.4.

Cryptographic verification bypass in SzafirHost (e-signature client software) allows remote attackers to deliver and execute malicious native libraries (DLL/SO/JNILIB/DYLIB) without authentication. While JAR files are hash- and signature-verified during auto-update, native libraries downloaded into the user's /temp folder skip all integrity checks, enabling code execution in the context of the web page initiating the download. Fixed in version 1.1.0. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though attack complexity is low (CVSS AC:L) and requires no user interaction (UI:N), suggesting straightforward exploitation against users running vulnerable versions.

Szafir SDK Web browser addon allows unauthenticated attackers to launch the SzafirHost application with arbitrary arguments by crafting malicious websites that spoof the HTTP origin via the document_base_url parameter. When a victim visits an attacker's site and confirms application execution (or has previously selected 'remember' for a spoofed origin), the application runs in the attacker's context, potentially downloading malicious files and libraries without further user interaction. The vulnerability was resolved in version 0.0.17.4. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.

Authenticated users with uma_protection role in Red Hat Keycloak can bypass User-Managed Access policy validation to gain unauthorized access to victim-owned resources. The vulnerability (confirmed actively exploited - CISA KEV) enables attackers to inject arbitrary resource identifiers during policy creation, obtaining Requesting Party Tokens for resources they do not own. With CVSS 8.1 (High), network-accessible attack vector, and low complexity, this represents a significant access control bypass in enterprise identity management deployments. EPSS data and public exploit status not confirmed from available data.

Open redirect in Red Hat Build of Keycloak allows authenticated attackers with control over another path on the same web server to bypass wildcard-based redirect URI validation and steal OAuth access tokens. Attack requires low complexity and user interaction (CVSS 7.3). EPSS and KEV status not available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis. This CWE-601 flaw enables token theft through maliciously crafted redirect flows, posing significant risk to SSO deployments where Keycloak shares a web server with attacker-controllable content.

Unblinded BPF immediate values in PROBE_MEM32 stores bypass constant hardening in the Linux kernel BPF JIT compiler when bpf_jit_harden >= 1, allowing user-controlled 32-bit immediates to leak into native code. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions where convert_ctx_accesses() rewrites arena pointer stores to BPF_ST|BPF_PROBE_MEM32 before constant blinding runs, but bpf_jit_blind_insn() only handles BPF_ST|BPF_MEM instructions. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been ide

Memory sealing (mseal) in the Linux kernel incorrectly tracks virtual memory area (VMA) boundaries during merge operations, causing curr_end to become stale and resulting in incorrect iteration state. This flaw in mm/mseal.c affects Linux kernel versions where the mseal feature is present, allowing local attackers to potentially bypass memory sealing protections or trigger information disclosure by manipulating VMA merge behavior during seal operations.

Use-after-free vulnerability in Linux kernel futex handling allows local attackers to read freed memory via race condition between futex_key_to_node_opt() and vma_replace_policy(). When mbind() concurrently replaces virtual memory area policies, __futex_key_to_node() may dereference a freed mempolicy structure, enabling information disclosure of kernel memory. The vulnerability requires local access and precise timing but poses memory safety risk in multi-threaded applications using futex operations alongside memory policy changes.

Linux kernel TLS subsystem leaks socket buffers (skbs) when asynchronous AEAD decryption operations fail during batch processing, allowing local attackers to exhaust kernel memory and potentially cause denial of service. The vulnerability exists in tls_decrypt_async_wait() and related functions that manage the async_hold queue, which pins encrypted input buffers for AEAD engine references; improper cleanup in failure paths leaves these buffers allocated indefinitely. This is a kernel memory leak affecting TLS decryption in the kernel's cryptographic stack, confirmed by multiple upstream patches across stable branches.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel clsact qdisc initialization and destruction rollback allows local denial of service or potential information disclosure when qdisc replacement fails midway during tcf_block_get_ext() operations. The vulnerability stems from asymmetric initialization and cleanup paths where egress_entry references from a previous clsact instance remain valid during failure scenarios, leading to double-free or use-after-free conditions. Affected Linux kernel versions across all distributions that include the clsact traffic control qdisc require patching.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel netfilter BPF hook memory management allows local attackers to read sensitive kernel memory via concurrent nfnetlink_hooks dumping operations. The vulnerability arises from premature memory release in hook structures before RCU readers complete their access, enabling information disclosure through netlink interface. No active exploitation confirmed, but the KASAN report demonstrates reliable reproducer availability.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can access configuration files containing database credentials in MB Connect Line mbconnect24 and mymbconnect24 products, resulting in disclosure of sensitive authentication material. Although CVSS rates this as 5.3 (low severity confidentiality impact), the practical risk is limited because the disclosed credentials cannot be directly exploited to compromise additional systems-no exposed endpoint exists to leverage them. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at the time of analysis.

Account takeover in SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway versions before 15.0.3 allows unauthenticated attackers to reset victim account passwords by abusing GINA account initialization functionality, enabling full mailbox compromise without requiring legitimate credentials or administrative access.

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.3 fails to properly authenticate inner messages within S/MIME-encrypted MIME entities, permitting attackers to manipulate trusted email headers and potentially forge message authenticity. This vulnerability affects the cryptographic validation layer of the gateway, enabling header injection attacks that could deceive users about message origin or content integrity. No CVSS score, EPSS data, or active exploitation confirmation is available in current intelligence.

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.3 allows remote attackers to impersonate other users by claiming their PGP signatures through a specially crafted email address, enabling signature forgery and identity spoofing in encrypted email communications. The vulnerability exploits LDAP injection mechanisms to manipulate signature verification, affecting all versions prior to 15.0.3. No CVSS score is available, and exploitation status remains unconfirmed from provided data.

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.3 allows remote attackers to read encrypted email contents intended for other users by crafting specially malformed email addresses that exploit LDAP injection in the recipient validation process. This information disclosure vulnerability affects all versions prior to 15.0.3 and requires only network access to send a specially crafted email, making it a practical attack vector against organizations using vulnerable SEPPmail deployments.

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.3 allows attackers to forge GINA-encrypted emails, compromising email authenticity and potentially enabling spoofing attacks. The vulnerability affects all versions prior to 15.0.3 and was reported by NCSC.ch. No CVSS score is available, and exploitation status has not been independently confirmed at time of analysis.

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.3 allows remote attackers to conceal security tags from end users by submitting emails with excessively long subject lines, enabling potential phishing and message spoofing attacks by bypassing visual security indicators. The vulnerability affects all versions prior to 15.0.3 across the product line and has been reported by Switzerland's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC.ch). No active exploitation has been confirmed, and no public exploit code is currently available.

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.3 allows remote attackers to inject malicious certificates into S/MIME signatures, enabling them to substitute attacker-controlled certificates for future encryption communications with victims. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a specially-formed signed email that embeds unauthorized certificates, which the gateway may then use for subsequent encrypted messages to the targeted recipient, resulting in compromise of encryption confidentiality. No public exploit code or active CISA KEV listing is currently confirmed, but the vulnerability was reported by Swiss national security authority NCSC.ch.

SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.3 allows attackers to upload PGP keys with mismatched User IDs and email addresses, enabling spoofing and potential information disclosure by circumventing email authentication controls. The vulnerability affects all versions prior to 15.0.3 and was reported by NCSC.ch. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at the time of analysis.

W3 Total Cache plugin for WordPress exposes security tokens to unauthenticated remote attackers through User-Agent header manipulation. Versions up to 2.9.3 bypass output buffering when requests contain 'W3 Total Cache' in the User-Agent, leaking W3TC_DYNAMIC_SECURITY tokens embedded in dynamic fragment HTML comments. With CVSS 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) indicating trivial exploitation requiring no authentication, attackers can extract these tokens from any page using fragment caching, enabling potential security bypass or escalation attacks. Patch available in version 2.9.4+ per upstream changeset.