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Information Disclosure

other MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

How It Works

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.

Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.

The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.

Impact

  • Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
  • Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
  • Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
  • Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
  • Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures

Real-World Examples

A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.

Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.

Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.

Mitigation

  • Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
  • Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
  • Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (.git, backup files, phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment
  • Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
  • Security headers: Deploy X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing
  • Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity

Recent CVEs (67637)

EPSS 0% CVSS 4.8
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

MongoDB Server fails to fully redact user data in local server log messages when schema validation is enabled and an update or insert operation violates the collection schema, allowing authenticated administrators to access sensitive information through log inspection. This information disclosure affects MongoDB Server 7.0 prior to 7.0.34, 8.0 prior to 8.0.23, 8.2 prior to 8.2.9, and 8.3 prior to 8.3.2. The vulnerability requires high-privilege administrative access and has a low CVSS score of 2.7, indicating limited real-world impact despite confirmed patch availability.

Information Disclosure Mongodb Server
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.1
HIGH PATCH This Week

Authenticated attackers can exhaust MongoDB Server memory using malicious bitwise match expressions ($bitsAllSet, $bitsAnySet, $bitsAllClear, $bitsAnyClear), leading to out-of-memory denial of service. Affects MongoDB Server 7.0 prior to 7.0.34, 8.0 prior to 8.0.23, 8.2 prior to 8.2.9, and 8.3 prior to 8.3.2. Vendor-released patches are available across all affected major versions. EPSS score of 0.04% (12th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability in the wild, and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Information Disclosure Mongodb Server
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH This Week

Arbitrary file read on Garmin WDU v1 1.4.6 and v2 5.0 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to retrieve sensitive files from the device filesystem via symlink injection in uploaded graphics packages. The locally-served web server follows symlinks without filesystem restriction, enabling information disclosure. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low widespread exploitation probability. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis.

Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.8
MEDIUM This Month

Warpgate is an open source SSH, HTTPS and MySQL bastion host for Linux. Prior to 0.23.3, the SSO flow does not validate the state parameter, which makes it possible for an attacker to trick a user into logging into the attacker's account, possibly convincing them to perform sensitive actions on the attacker's account (such as writing sensitive data to the attacker's SSH target, or logging into an HTTP target that the attacker set up). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.23.3.

Information Disclosure CSRF Warpgate
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.1
HIGH This Week

Flowsint is an open-source OSINT graph exploration tool designed for cybersecurity investigation, transparency, and verification. Prior to 1.2.3, a remote attacker can create a node with a malicious type that can escape an existing Cypher query and an adversary can execute an arbitrary Cypher query. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.2.3.

Information Disclosure Nosql Injection
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH Act Now

The installation of Fuji Tellus adds a driver to the kernel which grants all users read and write permissions.

Information Disclosure Tellus
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.7
HIGH PATCH This Week

### Summary When `ujson.dump()` writes to a file-like object and the write operation raises an exception, the serialized JSON string object is not decremented, leaking memory. Each failed write operation leaks the full size of the serialized payload. Code that uses `ujson.dumps()` rather than `ujson.dump()` or only JSON load/decode methods is unaffected. ### Details **Vulnerability Location:** - `src/ujson/python/objToJSON.c:913` - `objToJSONFile()` function start - `src/ujson/python/objToJSON.c:931` - Error return on write failure - `src/ujson/python/objToJSON.c:942` - Early return without cleanup **Root Cause:** The `objToJSONFile()` function allocates a Python string object via `ujson_dumps_internal()`, calls the file's `write()` method, and returns early if `write()` raises an exception-but never calls `Py_DECREF(string)` on the early exit path. ### PoC ```python import gc, tracemalloc, ujson class BadFile: def write(self, s): raise RuntimeError("boom") obj = {"x": "A" * 200000} def run(): try: ujson.dump(obj, BadFile()) except RuntimeError: pass run() tracemalloc.start() gc.collect() base = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()[0] for i in range(5): run() gc.collect() cur = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()[0] print(i, cur - base) ``` ### Impact Any application that serializes data through `ujson.dump()` to an attacker-influenced file-like object that can fail can be driven into linear memory growth. An attacker can quickly use up all the memory of say a web server that sends JSON responses using `ujson.dump()` by repeatedly making requests then closing the connection mid response. ### Remediation The missing dec-refs were added in 82af1d0ac01d09aa40c887b460d44b9d9f4bccd9. We recommend upgrading to [UltraJSON 5.12.1](https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson/releases/tag/5.12.1). ### Workarounds Replacing `ujson.dump(obj, file)` with `file.write(ujson.dumps(obj))` is equivalent (contrary to popular misconception, there are no streaming benefits to using `ujson.dump()`) and will avoid the memory leak.

Python Information Disclosure Red Hat
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.2
HIGH PATCH This Week

ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. From 3.0.0 to before 3.0.15, there is an unhandled exception (std::out_of_range) caused by unsigned integer underflow in libmodsecurity3 if the user (administrator) uses a rule any of @verifySSN, @verifyCPF, or @verifySVNR. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.15.

Integer Overflow Apache Information Disclosure +3
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.7
HIGH PATCH This Week

Linux ksmbd contains a remote memory corruption vulnerability in the ACL inheritance path that allows remote clients with directory creation permissions to trigger a heap out-of-bounds read and subsequent heap corruption by setting a crafted DACL with a malformed SID containing an inflated num_subauth field. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by creating a directory, setting the malicious DACL via SMB2_SET_INFO, and creating child entries to cause kernel instability, denial of service, or potentially achieve privilege escalation to kernel code execution.

Denial Of Service Buffer Overflow RCE +5
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.4
HIGH This Week

An Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability is present in Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions 12.6.1204.216 and prior that could allow an attacker to disclose information or execute arbitrary code when a specially crafted VC6 file is being parsed.

Information Disclosure RCE Buffer Overflow +5
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.4
HIGH This Week

An Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability is present in Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions 12.6.1204.216 and prior that could allow an attacker to disclose information or execute arbitrary code when a specially crafted VC6 file is being parsed.

Information Disclosure RCE Buffer Overflow +5
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.4
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

NanaZip is an open source file archive. From 5.0.1252.0 to before 6.0.1698.0, a stack-based out-of-bounds read exists in the ZealFS filesystem image parser in NanaZip. The vulnerability is triggered when opening a crafted ZealFS v1 filesystem image. An attacker-controlled BitmapSize field in the file header drives an unbounded loop that reads past the end of a stack-allocated ZEALFS_V1_HEADER structure. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.0.1698.0.

Information Disclosure Buffer Overflow Nanazip
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.0
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

HashiCorp Nomad’s exec2 task driver prior to 0.1.2 is vulnerable to arbitrary file read and write on the client host as the Nomad process user through a symlink attack. This vulnerability (CVE-2026-8052) is fixed in version 0.1.2 of the exec2 task driver.

Information Disclosure Hashicorp
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.0
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

HashiCorp Nomad and Nomad Enterprise prior to 2.0.1 are vulnerable to arbitrary file read and write on the client host as the Nomad process user through a symlink attack. This vulnerability (CVE-2026-6959) is fixed in Nomad 2.0.1, 1.11.5 and 1.10.11.

Information Disclosure Hashicorp
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH This Week

Vulnerabilities exist in a protocol-handling component of AOS-8 and AOS-10 Operating Systems. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending specially crafted network messages to the affected service. Due to insufficient input validation, successful exploitation may terminate a critical system process, resulting in a denial-of-service condition.

Information Disclosure Hpe Aruba Networking Wireless Operating System Aos
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM This Month

A vulnerability in the XML handling component of AOS-8 DHCP services could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a denial-of-service condition. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to cause excessive resource consumption upon user interaction, leading to service disruption or reduced availability of the affected system. NOTE: This vulnerability only impacts Access Points running AOS Instant 8.x.x.x

Information Disclosure Arubaos Aos
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Cleanuparr is a tool for automating the cleanup of unwanted or blocked files in Sonarr, Radarr, and supported download clients like qBittorrent. Prior to 2.9.10, Cleanuparr's global CORS policy reflects every request Origin and combines it with AllowCredentials(). When DisableAuthForLocalAddresses is enabled, the API also authenticates requests purely by source IP via TrustedNetworkAuthenticationHandler. The combination lets any website that an admin (or any user on a trusted IP) visits read authenticated API responses cross-origin - including the admin's permanent API key. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.9.10.

Information Disclosure
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM This Month

Illustrator versions 29.8.6, 30.3 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to disclose sensitive information. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Information Disclosure Buffer Overflow Illustrator
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH PATCH This Week

An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.3 and iPadOS 18.7.3, iOS 26.2 and iPadOS 26.2. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.

Apple Information Disclosure Ipados +1
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Month

Untrusted search path in Azure Monitor Agent allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Insufficient granularity of access control in Microsoft Office Click-To-Run allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Likely This Week

Integer underflow (wrap or wraparound) in Windows Common Log File System Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Integer Overflow Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Likely This Week

Untrusted pointer dereference in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Windows 11 Version 24H2 +4
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.8
HIGH POC PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

External control of file name or path in SQL Server allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Sql Server 2016 Service Pack 3 Gdr Microsoft Sql Server 2016 Service Pack 3 Azure Connect Feature Pack +8
NVD VulDB GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Insufficient granularity of access control in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Double free in Windows Link-Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows TCP/IP allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Microsoft Race Condition Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Double free in Windows Message Queuing allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.4
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

External control of file name or path in Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Google
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.3
MEDIUM POC PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Month

A tampering vulnerability exists when .NET Core improperly handles specially crafted files. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could write arbitrary files and directories to certain locations on a vulnerable system. However, an attacker would have limited control over the destination of the files and directories. To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker must send a specially crafted file to a vulnerable system. The security update fixes the vulnerability by ensuring .NET Core properly handles files.

Information Disclosure Net 10 0 Net 8 0 +6
NVD VulDB GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Month

Files or directories accessible to external parties in Microsoft Teams allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Path Traversal
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.7
MEDIUM PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Month

Double free in Windows Rich Text Edit Control allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

External control of file name or path in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.3
MEDIUM PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Month

External control of file name or path in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Weak authentication in Dynamics Business Central allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central 2024 Release Wave 2 Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central 2026 Release Wave 1 +2
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Month

Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Power Automate allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

Information Disclosure Power Automate For Desktop
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Buffer Overflow
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Month

Files or directories accessible to external parties in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Path Traversal
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.4
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Out-of-bounds read in Telnet Client allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

Information Disclosure Buffer Overflow
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Month

Out-of-bounds read in Windows DWM Core Library allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Buffer Overflow
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Likely This Week

Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Win32K - ICOMP allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Memory Corruption
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Local privilege escalation in Windows TCP/IP stack affects Windows 10 (1607-22H2), Windows 11 (22H3-26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through a race condition vulnerability. Low-complexity exploitation requires only low-privilege authenticated access with no user interaction (CVSS 7.8, AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N). Vendor-released patch available from Microsoft Security Response Center. No public exploit code or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, though the low attack complexity and local vector suggest feasibility for post-compromise privilege escalation in enterprise environments.

Microsoft Race Condition Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Race condition in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock (AFD.sys) enables local privilege escalation for low-privileged authenticated users across Windows 10 (1607-22H2), Windows 11 (22H3-26H1), and Windows Server 2016. Microsoft confirmed the vulnerability and released patches via their March 2026 security updates. The flaw requires high attack complexity (CVSS AC:H), suggesting exploitation depends on winning a narrow timing window in concurrent socket operations. EPSS data unavailable, no CISA KEV listing at time of analysis, but Microsoft's rapid patch indicates credible exploit risk.

Microsoft Race Condition Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Type confusion vulnerability in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock enables local authenticated users to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level on Windows 10 (versions 1607-22H2), Windows 11 (versions 22H3-26H1), and Windows Server 2012. Microsoft has released patches through their March 2026 security update cycle. The vulnerability requires low-privilege local access but no user interaction, making it a high-value target for post-compromise lateral movement and persistence. CVSS 7.8 reflects complete system compromise potential, though EPSS data and KEV status are not available for this future-dated CVE.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Memory Corruption
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Local privilege escalation in Windows Print Spooler Components affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through race condition exploitation. Authenticated low-privileged attackers can elevate to SYSTEM privileges via concurrent resource access attacks, though attack complexity is rated high (AC:H). Vendor-released patch available from Microsoft Security Response Center. No active exploitation confirmed in CISA KEV at time of analysis, but Print Spooler remains a historically attractive target with established attack patterns (PrintNightmare, SpoolFool precedents).

Microsoft Race Condition Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Race condition in Windows Win32K graphics subsystem enables authenticated local users with low privileges to escalate to SYSTEM-level access on Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (all versions through 26H1), and Windows Server 2012. Microsoft has released patches through their monthly security update cycle (MSRC advisory CVE-2026-34331). EPSS data unavailable; no CISA KEV listing or public POC identified at time of analysis. The CVSS 7.0 score reflects high attack complexity (AC:H) requiring precise timing to exploit the synchronization flaw, reducing practical exploit reliability compared to simpler privilege escalation vectors.

Microsoft Race Condition Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Local privilege escalation in Windows Win32K GRFX component allows authenticated low-privilege users to gain SYSTEM-level access through race condition exploitation. Affects Windows 10 (1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (22H3 through 26H1), and Windows Server 2019 including Server Core installations. Microsoft has released patches via their May 2026 security updates. Attack complexity is high (AC:H), requiring precise timing to win the race condition, limiting widespread automated exploitation despite the severe impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Microsoft Race Condition Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.7
MEDIUM PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Month

Double free vulnerability in Windows Rich Text Edit component allows local authenticated attackers to escalate privileges on Windows 10 and Windows 11 systems through a specially crafted interaction. The flaw requires local access with standard user privileges and user interaction, but enables full system compromise including code execution and privilege elevation. Microsoft has released a vendor patch to address this issue.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH Exploit Unlikely This Week

Path traversal in Azure Monitor Agent enables low-privileged local attackers to escalate to SYSTEM/root privileges via malicious file path manipulation. Microsoft has released security patches. Attack vector is local (AV:L) with low complexity (AC:L), requiring only basic local credentials (PR:L) but no user interaction. EPSS exploitation probability is 0.04% (4th percentile), indicating low likelihood of mass exploitation, though the attack is straightforward once local access is obtained.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Azure Monitor
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.3
CRITICAL PATCH NO ACTION HOSTED Monitor

Spoofing vulnerability in Microsoft Azure Entra ID (formerly Azure Active Directory) enables remote unauthenticated attackers to obtain sensitive authentication information via network-based attacks requiring user interaction. The vulnerability affects Microsoft Enterprise Security Token Service (ESTS), the authentication backbone of Azure Entra ID, with scope change indicating potential cross-domain impact. Microsoft has released a patch per MSRC advisory. CVSS 9.3 (Critical) reflects network accessibility, low complexity, and high confidentiality/integrity impact with changed scope.

Microsoft Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM This Month

Improper export of Android application components in Fortinet FortiToken Android 5.2, 6.1, and 6.2 allows local authenticated attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information via exposed application components that lack proper access control. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.0 with local attack vector and requires low privileges, enabling information disclosure without user interaction. No public exploit code has been identified, and the vulnerability is not listed in active exploitation databases at the time of analysis.

Fortinet Information Disclosure Google +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.3
LOW Monitor

Fortinet FortiClient Windows versions 7.2 (all) and 7.4.0 through 7.4.2 contain a hard-coded cryptographic key vulnerability that allows high-privileged local attackers to disclose sensitive information. The vulnerability requires local access and administrator-level privileges, limiting its real-world exploitation scope to threats already present on compromised systems or malicious insiders. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at the time of analysis.

Fortinet Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.6
MEDIUM This Month

Improper initialization in the UEFI firmware for some Intel platforms within Ring 0: Bare Metal OS may allow an information disclosure. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a high complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

Intel Information Disclosure
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.8
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Exposure of sensitive information caused by shared microarchitectural predictor state that influences transient execution for some Intel(R) Processors within VMX non-root (guest) operation may allow an information disclosure. Unprivileged software adversary with an authenticated user combined with a high complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

Intel Information Disclosure Suse +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.3
HIGH This Week

Out-of-bounds read for the Intel(R) Data Center Graphics Driver for VMware ESXi software before version 2.0.2 within Ring 1: Device Drivers may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (high) impacts.

Denial Of Service Buffer Overflow VMware +2
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL Act Now

JunoClaw agentic AI platform exposes BIP-39 wallet mnemonics in plaintext through LLM tool-call parameters, leaking cryptocurrency private keys to logs, telemetry, and transport channels between AI providers and blockchain execution. Every blockchain write operation (token transfers, smart contract deployment, IBC transactions) required the 12- or 24-word seed phrase as a JSON parameter visible to the language model, API logs, and any middleware. Version 0.x.y-security-1 eliminates mnemonic exposure by introducing a wallet registry with AES-256-GCM encrypted storage and opaque wallet_id references. EPSS data not available for this recent CVE; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Information Disclosure Junoclaw
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.5
HIGH This Week

Arbitrary file read in JunoClaw's MCP upload_wasm tool allows local attackers to exfiltrate any file accessible to the agent process by providing crafted filesystem paths. The vulnerability affects all JunoClaw versions prior to 0.x.y-security-1 when an AI agent is induced to accept a malicious path parameter, enabling read access to sensitive files including configuration secrets, private keys, or source code. No active exploitation confirmed via CISA KEV, but the CVSS 8.5 HIGH score reflects significant confidentiality and integrity impact with changed scope. Fixed version 0.x.y-security-1 introduces comprehensive path validation including directory containment checks, symlink resolution guards, file size limits, and WebAssembly magic number verification.

Information Disclosure Junoclaw
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.3
CRITICAL PATCH Act Now

Sandbox escape in OpenClaude (npm package openclaude) versions before 0.5.1 allows a prompt-injected LLM to disable host sandboxing by setting the model-controlled `dangerouslyDisableSandbox: true` flag in any Bash tool_use call, yielding full unsandboxed command execution on the host. CVSS 4.0 scores this 9.3 Critical (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, VC/VI/VA:H); no public exploit identified at time of analysis beyond the reporter's PoC, but the upstream fix has been merged. The flaw is especially severe because it is reachable under default settings (`allowUnsandboxedCommands` defaults to true).

Kubernetes Information Disclosure Authentication Bypass +4
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 3.7
LOW PATCH Monitor

Timing side-channel in Apache Tomcat's AJP secret comparison exposes the shared AJP connector secret to remote, unauthenticated attackers capable of making precise network timing measurements. The vulnerability, tracked as CWE-208 (Observable Timing Discrepancy), affects all major Tomcat branches from 7.0.0 through current releases prior to the fixed versions, and could allow an attacker to recover the AJP shared secret through repeated probing. No public exploit code exists at time of analysis, EPSS is 0.02%, and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none - making real-world risk low despite the network-accessible attack vector.

Information Disclosure Apache Tomcat +1
NVD VulDB HeroDevs
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH PATCH This Week

Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in LockOutRealm in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.21, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.54, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.117, from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100, from 7.0.0 through 7.0.109. Older unsupported versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.22, 10.1.55 or 9.0.118 which fix the issue.

Apache Tomcat Information Disclosure +1
NVD VulDB HeroDevs
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL PATCH Act Now

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.21, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.54, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.117, from 10.0.0-M1 through 10.0.27. Older, end of support versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

Apache Tomcat Information Disclosure +2
NVD VulDB HeroDevs
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.3
HIGH PATCH This Week

Information disclosure in Apache Tomcat versions 7.0.83 through 11.0.21 exposes HTTP authentication headers to unintended hosts during WebSocket authentication handshakes, enabling credential leakage to third-party endpoints. The flaw carries a CVSS 7.3 score with partial confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS probability is very low (0.03%) but SSVC marks the issue as automatable, indicating that scripted exploitation is feasible if attacker positioning is achieved.

Information Disclosure Apache Tomcat +2
NVD VulDB HeroDevs
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.6
HIGH This Week

Session fixation in Pandora FMS versions 777-800 enables session hijacking when attackers supply crafted session IDs to users. Successful exploitation grants attackers complete access to victim user sessions with high confidentiality and integrity impact. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis, though attack complexity is low with network-based delivery requiring only user interaction (CVSS 7.6).

Session Fixation Information Disclosure
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

protobufjs versions 7.5.5 and earlier, and 8.0.0-8.0.1 accept overlong UTF-8 byte sequences in the minimal UTF-8 decoder used by non-Node and fallback decoding paths, allowing attackers to bypass byte-level filtering and decode strings containing characters that were not present in the raw protobuf binary input. This integrity issue affects applications that rely on pre-decoding byte validation before using protobuf strings in security-sensitive contexts. Patch versions 7.5.6 and 8.0.2 are available; Node.js Buffer-backed paths are not directly affected.

Canonical Node.js Information Disclosure +1
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM This Month

Remote authenticated attackers can exploit an exposed dangerous method on the Core Server of Ivanti Endpoint Manager versions before 2024 SU6 to leak access credentials. The vulnerability requires valid authentication credentials to exploit and does not allow code execution or system modification, but compromises confidentiality by exposing sensitive authentication material that could facilitate lateral movement or account takeover.

Information Disclosure Ivanti
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL PATCH Act Now

Sandbox escape in the Profile Backup component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 150.0.3.

Mozilla Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.4
MEDIUM This Month

Ivanti Secure Access Client before version 22.8R6 allows local authenticated users to read or modify sensitive log data through write access to a shared memory section due to incorrect permission assignments on a critical resource. With a CVSS score of 4.4 and a local attack vector requiring authentication, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk to users whose systems are accessed by multiple authenticated accounts. No active exploitation has been publicly confirmed, but the simplicity of the attack (local, low complexity) makes this a practical concern for multi-user systems.

Information Disclosure Ivanti
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.6
CRITICAL Act Now

Path traversal in Ivanti Xtraction enables remote authenticated attackers with low-level privileges to read sensitive system files and inject arbitrary HTML into web-accessible directories, creating risks of credential theft, configuration exposure, and client-side attacks against other users. CVSS 9.6 severity driven by scope change (S:C) indicates the attacker can impact resources beyond the vulnerable component. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing identified, but vendor advisory confirms the vulnerability affects all versions prior to 2026.2.

Information Disclosure Ivanti
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Credential leakage in LWP::UserAgent before 6.83 (Perl) exposes Authorization and Proxy-Authorization headers to attacker-controlled redirect targets across cross-origin 3xx redirects. The library's redirect handler stripped only Host and Cookie on follow-up requests, leaving credential headers intact even when the redirect crossed a scheme, host, or port boundary. Authenticated Perl HTTP clients - including server-side applications, crawlers, API integrators, and automation tooling - are affected whenever caller-supplied credentials are passed to a UserAgent instance that can be redirected. No public exploit has been independently confirmed beyond the proof-of-concept submitted with the vulnerability report, and CISA KEV does not list this CVE; however, the exploitation pattern is straightforward and mirrors a well-documented class of credential-leakage flaws in HTTP client libraries.

Information Disclosure Lwp Red Hat +1
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.2
HIGH Act Now

Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Panel Server can revert credentials to insecure default values under rare circumstances, allowing remote unauthenticated attackers to gain unauthorized access using known factory credentials. This CWE-1188 vulnerability enables complete confidential information disclosure (CVSS 8.2 High). Exploitation requires specific timing conditions (AT:P - Attack Timing: Present) to catch the window when credentials reset. EPSS data not available; no CISA KEV listing or public POC identified at time of analysis, suggesting targeted rather than widespread exploitation risk.

Information Disclosure Ecostruxure Panel Server
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.7
HIGH PATCH This Week

Heap buffer over-read in pam_authnft allows remote denial-of-service via crafted netlink messages. pam_authnft < 0.2.0-alpha contains a CWE-125 buffer over-read in the peer_lookup_tcp function when parsing NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG replies, allowing unauthenticated network attackers to trigger crashes by sending malformed netlink diagnostic messages that bypass message-size validation. This PAM module binds nftables firewall rules to authenticated sessions, so exploitation disrupts authentication infrastructure. Vendor-released patch: 0.2.0-alpha (GitHub PR #10). No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Information Disclosure Buffer Overflow Pam Authnft
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.8
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Man-in-the-middle attackers positioned between OX Dovecot Pro and clients can forge SCRAM TLS channel binding via specially crafted base64 exchanges, allowing eavesdropping on encrypted communications. The attack requires network-level access and knowledge of channel binding mechanics but yields complete confidentiality compromise. No public exploit code is known, and patched versions are available from Open-Xchange.

Microsoft Information Disclosure Red Hat +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.1
CRITICAL POC PATCH Act Now

Plaintext TOTP secret exposure in sealed-env enterprise mode allows remote unauthenticated attackers to extract operator authentication credentials from base64-decoded JWS tokens. Versions 0.1.0-alpha.1 through 0.1.0-alpha.3 embed literal TOTP secrets in every minted unseal token's JWS payload without encryption, enabling credential harvesting from CI logs, container environments, monitoring tools, and log aggregators. Fixed in version 0.1.0-alpha.4. CVSS 9.1 (Critical) with network vector and no authentication required. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit code identified at time of analysis, but exploitation requires only base64 decoding of observable tokens.

Information Disclosure Java Node.js
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Information disclosure vulnerability in Firefox's JavaScript Engine allows remote unauthenticated attackers to leak sensitive memory contents over the network without user interaction. The vulnerability affects Firefox versions prior to 150.0.3 and has a low EPSS score (0.02%) despite the network-based attack vector, suggesting limited real-world exploitation pressure despite the modest CVSS score of 5.3.

Mozilla Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.3
HIGH PATCH This Week

Memory corruption in Mozilla Firefox's WebAssembly JavaScript engine component allows remote attackers to trigger a use-after-free condition via crafted web content, with limited impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The flaw affects Firefox versions prior to 150.0.3 and has no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though SSVC indicates the issue is automatable. EPSS scoring (0.02%, 5th percentile) suggests very low near-term exploitation probability despite the network-reachable attack vector.

Information Disclosure Use After Free Memory Corruption +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM This Month

WP EasyPay plugin through version 4.3.0 exposes sensitive information in sent data, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to retrieve embedded data without user interaction. The vulnerability stems from improper handling of sensitive data during transmission, classified as an information disclosure issue with a CVSS score of 5.3 (network-accessible, low complexity). No active exploitation has been confirmed in CISA KEV at the time of analysis.

Information Disclosure Wp Easypay
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.9
LOW Monitor

Hikvision Hik-Connect App fails to enforce strict directory access permissions, allowing other locally-installed applications to read sensitive information stored by the app on the device filesystem. The vulnerability requires local access and high attack complexity but poses information disclosure risk to users with multiple apps on the same device. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified; CVSS score of 2.9 reflects the local-only attack vector and limited confidentiality impact.

Information Disclosure Hik Connect App
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.2
HIGH PATCH This Week

Conversation memory poisoning in VMware Spring AI allows remote unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious input that persists across conversation turns and manipulates AI model behavior. The vulnerability achieves high integrity impact (CVSS 8.2) through stored prompt injection, enabling attackers to alter model responses, extract sensitive context, or bypass application logic without authentication. No active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, but the network-accessible attack surface and low complexity make this a priority for applications processing user-generated conversational input.

Information Disclosure Ssti
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH PATCH This Week

Remote unauthenticated attackers can access confidential data from other users' chat sessions in Spring AI applications due to insecure default configuration in the chat memory component. The vulnerability allows network-based exploitation with no authentication required (CVSS:3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) and impacts confidentiality only (C:H/I:N/A:N), enabling cross-user data leakage in multi-tenant AI chat implementations. Reported by VMware, affecting Java-based Spring AI deployments where developers have not explicitly configured chat memory isolation.

Information Disclosure Java Privilege Escalation
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.2
CRITICAL PATCH Act Now

Prior to 2025-11-03, well-intended users of Terraform or REST API for Google Cloud AlloyDB for PostgreSQL could have created clusters with an insecure default password which could have been exploited by a remote attacker to gain full administrative access to the database. Exploitation required network access to the AlloyDB cluster and was limited to Terraform or the REST API, as other clients blocked it.

Hashicorp Information Disclosure PostgreSQL +1
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.3
HIGH Act Now

Uninitialized pointer access in Siemens Solid Edge SE2026 enables arbitrary code execution when processing malicious PAR files. Attackers must deliver a crafted PAR file and convince users to open it (CVSS:4.0 AV:L/UI:P), achieving full compromise of the victim's workstation with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, though the local attack vector and user interaction requirement limit automated mass exploitation. EPSS data not available for risk calibration.

Information Disclosure Memory Corruption Solid Edge Se2026
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.1
MEDIUM This Month

Authenticated remote attackers can read arbitrary files from the operating system filesystem with root privileges on affected RUGGEDCOM ROX devices due to improper input validation in the JSON-RPC web server interface. All versions of ROX MX5000, MX5000RE, RX1400, RX1500, RX1501, RX1510, RX1511, RX1512, RX1524, RX1536, and RX5000 below V2.17.1 are affected. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Information Disclosure Ruggedcom Rox Mx5000 Ruggedcom Rox Mx5000Re +9
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.9
MEDIUM This Month

A vulnerability has been identified in SIPROTEC 5 6MD84 (CP300) (All versions < V11.0), SIPROTEC 5 6MD85 (CP200) (All versions), SIPROTEC 5 6MD85 (CP300) (All versions >= V7.80 < V11.0), SIPROTEC 5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure Siprotec 5 6Md84 Cp300 Siprotec 5 6Md85 Cp200 +61
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM This Month

Slek Gateway for WooCommerce plugin version 1.0 exposes merchant API credentials (slek_key and slek_secret) to unauthenticated attackers through client-side HTML forms and plaintext GET parameters. An attacker who places an order on an affected WooCommerce store can extract the merchant's secret credentials by inspecting the HTML source or using browser developer tools on the order-pay page before JavaScript auto-submission occurs, compromising the merchant's Slek payment processing account.

Information Disclosure WordPress
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM POC PATCH This Month

Cross-origin source code exposure in webpack-dev-server up to 5.2.3 allows attackers controlling a malicious website to steal bundled application source code when a developer runs the dev server over non-trustworthy HTTP origins. The vulnerability exploits the omission of Sec-Fetch-Mode and Sec-Fetch-Site headers on non-HTTPS connections, enabling script injection and cross-origin code exfiltration. Chromium-based browsers Chrome 142+ are exempt due to local network access restrictions. CVSS 5.3 (AC:H due to user requirement to visit attacker site; High confidentiality impact). Fix: upgrade to webpack-dev-server 5.2.4 or later.

Information Disclosure Google Red Hat +2
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.2
HIGH PATCH This Week

TCP connection exhaustion in CODESYS Modbus TCP Server allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger a race condition in connection handling, depleting all available TCP connections and denying service to legitimate industrial automation clients. CVSS 8.2 (High) reflects high availability impact. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), but attack complexity is low with present race condition opportunity (AT:P). Patch available from vendor for versions prior to 4.6.0.0.

Information Disclosure Codesys Modbus
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.1
CRITICAL Act Now

Man-in-the-middle attacks against Kura Sushi Official App for Android and iOS allow complete interception and modification of push notification traffic due to improper SSL/TLS certificate validation. Attackers on the network path between the mobile app and EPG's notification server can read confidential data (VC:H) and inject arbitrary notifications or commands (VI:H) without authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability affects both Android and iOS versions of the official ordering app from Japanese restaurant chain Kura Sushi. EPSS and KEV data not available; exploitation requires network position but no special credentials or app configuration.

Information Disclosure Kura Sushi Official App For Android Kura Sushi Official App For Ios
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.4
MEDIUM Monitor

Zyxel WRE6505 v2 firmware stores sensitive configuration data in an insecure manner, allowing local administrators to download and decrypt backup configuration files, leading to disclosure of confidential credentials and network settings. The vulnerability affects firmware version V1.00(ABDV.3)C0 and requires local access with administrative privileges. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified; however, the product is no longer supported by Zyxel, limiting patch availability.

Zyxel Information Disclosure
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.3
MEDIUM This Month

SAP Financial Consolidation permits authenticated attackers to forcibly terminate other users' sessions, temporarily denying them access to the application. The vulnerability has limited impact, affecting only availability through session disconnection while leaving the application itself and all data integrity and confidentiality intact. CVSS score of 4.3 reflects low severity, and no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified.

Information Disclosure SAP
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.7
MEDIUM This Month

SAPUI5 Search UI allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate URL parameters to inject malicious content, potentially deceiving users into accessing attacker-controlled pages. The vulnerability requires user interaction (clicking a crafted link) and has low confidentiality impact with no effect on integrity or availability. No active exploitation has been confirmed at the time of this analysis.

Information Disclosure Sapui5 Search Ui
NVD VulDB
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