Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (68917)
OX App Suite through 7.10.6 has Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via a large location request parameter to the redirect servlet. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in docconv up to 1.2.0 and classified as problematic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An issue was discovered in Squid 4.9 through 4.17 and 5.0.6 through 5.6. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Planet eStream before 6.72.10.07 discloses sensitive information, related to the ON cookie (findable in HTML source code for Default.aspx in some situations) and the WhoAmI endpoint (e.g., path. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Planet eStream before 6.72.10.07 allows a low-privileged user to gain access to administrative and high-privileged user accounts by changing the value of the ON cookie. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Slixmpp before 1.8.3 lacks SSL Certificate hostname validation in XMLStream, allowing an attacker to pose as any server in the eyes of Slixmpp. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Snipe-IT through 6.0.14 allows attackers to check whether a user account exists because of response variations in a /password/reset request. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Simmeth Lieferantenmanager before 5.6. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Certain ZKTeco products (ZEM500-510-560-760, ZEM600-800, ZEM720, ZMM) allow access to sensitive information via direct requests for the form/DataApp?style=1 and form/DataApp?style=0 URLs. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
BigFix deployments that have installed the Notification Service on Windows are susceptible to disclosing SMTP BigFix operator's sensitive data in clear text. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Security Verify Governance, Identity Manager 10.01 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information when a detailed technical error message is returned in the browser. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Out-of-bounds read was discovered in YDB server. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in ksmbd in the Linux kernel 5.15 through 5.19 before 5.19.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
An issue was discovered in ksmbd in the Linux kernel 5.15 through 5.19 before 5.19.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Memory Leak vulnerability could allow attackers to exhaust available memory leading to denial of service.
An issue was discovered in ksmbd in the Linux kernel 5.15 through 5.18 before 5.18.18. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
An issue was discovered in ksmbd in the Linux kernel 5.15 through 5.19 before 5.19.2. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
An issue was discovered in ksmbd in the Linux kernel 5.15 through 5.19 before 5.19.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
F-Secure SAFE Browser 19.1 before 19.2 for Android allows an IDN homograph attack. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Incorrect Use of Privileged APIs in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
IO FinNet tss-lib before 2.0.0 allows a collision of hash values. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Versions `<=8.5.1` of `jsonwebtoken` library could be misconfigured so that legacy, insecure key types are used for signature verification. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the IFFOutput channel interleaving functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.4.4.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the DPXOutput::close() functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.4.4.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the OpenImageIO::decode_iptc_iim() functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.3.19.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An out of bounds read vulnerability exists in the way OpenImageIO version v2.3.19.0 processes string fields in TIFF image files. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A heap out of bounds read vulnerability exists in the OpenImageIO master-branch-9aeece7a when parsing the image file directory part of a PSD image file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A heap out of bounds read vulnerability exists in the handling of IPTC data while parsing TIFF images in OpenImageIO v2.3.19.0. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
IBM Security Verify Governance, Identity Manager 10.0.1 stores user credentials in plain clear text which can be read by a remote authenticated user. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
IBM Security Verify Governance, Identity Manager 10.0.1 stores sensitive information including user credentials in plain clear text which can be read by a local privileged user. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
An attacker who compromised a content process could have partially escaped the sandbox to read arbitrary files via clipboard-related IPC messages.<br>*This bug only affects Thunderbird for Linux. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An out of date library (libusrsctp) contained vulnerabilities that could potentially be exploited. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
If the user added a security exception for an invalid TLS certificate, opened an ongoing TLS connection with a server that used that certificate, and then deleted the exception, Firefox would have. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Keyboard events reference strings like "KeyA" that were at fixed, known, and widely-spread addresses. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
If a Thunderbird user quoted from an HTML email, for example by replying to the email, and the email contained either a VIDEO tag with the POSTER attribute or an OBJECT tag with a DATA attribute, a. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When resolving a symlink such as <code>file:///proc/self/fd/1</code>, an error message may be produced where the symlink was resolved to a string containing unitialized memory in the buffer. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Through a series of popup and <code>window.print()</code> calls, an attacker can cause a window to go fullscreen without the user seeing the notification prompt, resulting in potential user confusion. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Service Workers should not be able to infer information about opaque cross-origin responses; but timing information for cross-origin media combined with Range requests might have allowed them to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Logins saved by Firefox should be managed by the Password Manager component which uses encryption to save files on-disk. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
If two Workers were simultaneously initializing their CacheStorage, a data race could have occurred in the `ThirdPartyUtil` component. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
A same-origin policy violation could have allowed the theft of cross-origin URL entries, leaking the result of a redirect, via `performance.getEntries()`. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
During iframe navigation, certain pages did not have their FeaturePolicy fully initialized leading to a bypass that leaked device permissions into untrusted subdocuments. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An out-of-bounds read can occur when decoding H264 video. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When receiving an HTML email that contained an <code>iframe</code> element, which used a <code>srcdoc</code> attribute to define the inner HTML document, remote objects specified in the nested. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A data race could occur in the <code>PK11_ChangePW</code> function, potentially leading to a use-after-free vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A website that had permission to access the microphone could record audio without the audio notification being shown. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A cross-origin iframe referencing an XSLT document would inherit the parent domain's permissions (such as microphone or camera access). Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An attacker could have abused XSLT error handling to associate attacker-controlled content with another origin which was displayed in the address bar. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When visiting directory listings for `chrome://` URLs as source text, some parameters were reflected. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
When opening a Windows shortcut from the local filesystem, an attacker could supply a remote path that would lead to unexpected network requests from the operating system.<br>This bug only affects. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Within the <code>lg_init()</code> function, if several allocations succeed but then one fails, an uninitialized pointer would have been freed despite never being allocated. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A malicious website that could create a popup could have resized the popup to overlay the address bar with its own content, resulting in potential user confusion or spoofing attacks. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The MediaError message property should be consistent to avoid leaking information about cross-origin resources; however for a same-site cross-origin resource, the message could have leaked. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
ASN.1 parsing of an indefinite SEQUENCE inside an indefinite GROUP could have resulted in the parser accepting malformed ASN.1. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
If there was a PAC URL set and the server that hosts the PAC was not reachable, OCSP requests would have been blocked, resulting in incorrect error pages being shown. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When downloading an update for an addon, the downloaded addon update's version was not verified to match the version selected from the manifest. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An iframe that was not permitted to run scripts could do so if the user clicked on a <code>javascript:</code> link. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Mozilla developers Andrew McCreight, Nicolas B. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Internal URLs are protected by a secret UUID key, which could have been leaked to web page through the Referrer header. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
If array shift operations are not used, the Garbage Collector may have become confused about valid objects. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An attacker could have exploited a timing attack by sending a large number of allowCredential entries and detecting the difference between invalid key handles and cross-origin key handles. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When downloading files on Windows, the % character was not escaped, which could have lead to a download incorrectly being saved to attacker-influenced paths that used variables such as %HOMEPATH% or. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A malicious website could have learned the size of a cross-origin resource that supported Range requests. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An OpenPGP digital signature includes information about the date when the signature was created. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Firefox behaved slightly differently for already known resources when loading CSS resources involving CSS variables. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Performance API did not properly hide the fact whether a request cross-origin resource has observed redirects. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
When generating the assembly code for <code>MLoadTypedArrayElementHole</code>, an incorrect AliasSet was used. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
SVG's <code><use></code> element could have been used to load unexpected content that could have executed script in certain circumstances. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The sourceMapURL feature in devtools was missing security checks that would have allowed a webpage to attempt to include local files or other files that should have been inaccessible. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An unexpected message in the WebGPU IPC framework could lead to a use-after-free and exploitable sandbox escape. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Removing an XSLT parameter during processing could have lead to an exploitable use-after-free. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
When installing an add-on, Firefox verified the signature before prompting the user; but while the user was confirming the prompt, the underlying add-on file could have been modified and Firefox. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Previously Firefox for macOS and Linux would download temporary files to a user-specific directory in <code>/tmp</code>, but this behavior was changed to download them to <code>/tmp</code> where they. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
If an attacker could control the contents of an iframe sandboxed with <code>allow-popups</code> but not <code>allow-scripts</code>, they were able to craft a link that, when clicked, would lead to. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
When resizing a popup after requesting fullscreen access, the popup would not display the fullscreen notification. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
While the text displayed in Autofill tooltips cannot be directly read by JavaScript, the text was rendered using page fonts. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
When a worker is shutdown, it was possible to cause script to run late in the lifecycle, at a point after where it should not be possible. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Under certain circumstances, a JavaScript alert (or prompt) could have been shown while another website was displayed underneath it. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Web-accessible extension pages (pages with a moz-extension:// scheme) were not correctly enforcing the frame-ancestors directive when it was used in the Web Extension's Content Security Policy. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When importing resources using Web Workers, error messages would distinguish the difference between <code>application/javascript</code> responses and non-script responses. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
If a document created a sandboxed iframe without <code>allow-scripts</code>, and subsequently appended an element to the iframe's document that e.g. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Remote Agent, used in WebDriver, did not validate the Host or Origin headers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
By using XSL Transforms, a malicious webserver could have served a user an XSL document that would continue to execute JavaScript (within the bounds of the same-origin policy) even after the tab was. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
By generally accepting and passing resource handles across processes, a compromised content process might have confused higher privileged processes to interact with handles that the unprivileged. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
When scanning QR codes, Firefox for Android would have allowed navigation to some URLs that do not point to web content.<br>*This bug only affects Firefox for Android. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Securitypolicyviolation events could have leaked cross-origin information for frame-ancestors violations. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When navigating from inside an iframe while requesting fullscreen access, an attacker-controlled tab could have made the browser unable to leave fullscreen mode. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When inserting text while in edit mode, some characters might have lead to out-of-bounds memory access causing a potentially exploitable crash. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When resizing a popup while requesting fullscreen access, the popup would have become unable to leave fullscreen mode. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Malicious websites could have tricked users into accepting launching a program to handle an external URL protocol. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.