Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (68895)
In some configuration scenarios, the Domino server host name can be exposed. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An incorrect permission check in Qualys Container Scanning Connector Plugin 1.6.2.6 and earlier allows attackers with global Item/Configure permission (while lacking Item/Configure permission on any. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud foundry routing release versions prior to 0.278.0 are vulnerable to abuse of HTTP Hop-by-Hop Headers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An Issue in Buffalo America, Inc. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Samsung Exynos Mobile Processor and Wearable Processor (Exynos 980, Exynos 850, Exynos 2100, and Exynos W920). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Trusted Firmware-M through TF-Mv1.8.0, for platforms that integrate the CryptoCell accelerator, when the CryptoCell PSA Driver software Interface is selected, and the Authenticated Encryption with. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Argo CD is a declarative continuous deployment for Kubernetes. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Buttercup v2.20.3 allows attackers to obtain the hash of the master password for the password manager via accessing the file /vaults.json/. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the ERS API of Cisco ISE could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to read arbitrary files on the underlying operating system of an affected device. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Zero Trust Administrators have the ability to disallow end users from disabling WARP on their devices. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Soar Cloud Ltd. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A privacy issue was addressed with improved private data redaction for log entries. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This issue was addressed with improved redaction of sensitive information. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Electron is a framework which lets you write cross-platform desktop applications using JavaScript, HTML and CSS. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
AccessControl provides a general security framework for use in Zope. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
A vulnerability in the RADIUS message processing feature of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the affected system to stop processing RADIUS. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Apache Superset would allow for SQLite database connections to be incorrectly registered when an attacker uses alternative driver names like sqlite+pysqlite or by using database imports. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Jenkins SSH2 Easy Plugin 1.4 and earlier does not verify that permissions configured to be granted are enabled, potentially allowing users formerly granted (typically optional permissions, like. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Jenkins Google Login Plugin 1.7 and earlier uses a non-constant time comparison function when checking whether the provided and expected token are equal, potentially allowing attackers to use. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Jenkins Pipeline Maven Integration Plugin 1330.v18e473854496 and earlier does not properly mask (i.e., replace with asterisks) usernames of credentials specified in custom Maven settings in Pipeline. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
By default, stack traces for errors were enabled, which resulted in the exposure of internal traces on REST API endpoints to users. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
File accessibility vulnerability in Delinea Secret Server, in its v10.9.000002 and v11.4.000002 versions. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Implicit intent hijacking vulnerability in Camera prior to versions 11.0.16.43 in Android 11, 12.1.00.30, 12.0.07.53, 12.1.03.10 in Android 12, and 13.0.01.43, 13.1.00.83 in Android 13 allows local. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Certificate Validation in Samsung Email prior to version 6.1.82.0 allows remote attacker to intercept the network traffic including sensitive information. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Intent redirection vulnerability in PackageInstallerCHN prior to version 13.1.03.00 allows local attacker to access arbitrary file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
PendingIntent hijacking vulnerability in GameLauncher prior to version 4.2.59.5 allows local attackers to access data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation vulnerability in Samsung Health prior to version 6.24.2.011 allows attackers to write arbitrary file with Samsung Health privilege. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Insertion of sensitive information into log vulnerability in Locksettings prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows a privileged local attacker to get lock screen match information from the log. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
PendingIntent hijacking in LmsAssemblyTrackerCTC prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows local attacker to gain arbitrary file access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability in InboundSmsHandler prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to access certain message data. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper export of android application components vulnerability in WifiApAutoHotspotEnablingActivity prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows local attacker to change a Auto Hotspot setting. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Sensitive information exposure vulnerability in SVCAgent prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows attackers to get unresettable identifiers. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control vulnerability in SVCAgent prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows attackers to trigger certain commands. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control vulnerability in Weather prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows attackers to access location information set in Weather without permission. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper authorization vulnerability in FolderContainerDragDelegate in One UI Home prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows physical attackers to change some settings of the folder lock. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation in Settings Suggestions prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows attackers to launch arbitrary activity. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation vulnerability in Knox AI prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to launch privileged activities. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Dual Messenger prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers launch activity with system privilege. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation vulnerability in FileProviderStatusReceiver in Samsung Keyboard prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to delete arbitrary files with Samsung Keyboard. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper authorization in Samsung Keyboard prior to SMR Sep-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to read arbitrary file with system privilege. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A privacy issue was addressed with improved handling of temporary files. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This issue was addressed with improved file handling. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A logic issue was addressed with improved validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Error handling was changed to not reveal sensitive information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A privacy issue was addressed with improved private data redaction for log entries. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This issue was addressed with improved state management. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Incorrect security UI in BFCache in Google Chrome prior to 116.0.5845.179 allowed a remote attacker to spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out of bounds memory access in FedCM in Google Chrome prior to 116.0.5845.179 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to perform an out of bounds memory read via a crafted. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Apollo Router is a configurable, high-performance graph router written in Rust to run a federated supergraph that uses Apollo Federation 2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine configuration management functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform v18.00.0072. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An improper input validation vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine User Creation functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform v18.00.0072. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A file write vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine configuration functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform v18.00.0072. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine configuration management functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform v18.00.0072. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds Read in GitHub repository gpac/gpac prior to 2.3-DEV. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Due to an out-of-date dependency in the “Fusion File Manager” component accessible through the admin panel, an attacker can send a crafted request that allows them to read the contents of files on. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is insufficient sanitization of tainted file names that are directly concatenated with a path that is subsequently passed to a ‘require_once’ statement. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Salt masters prior to 3005.2 or 3006.2 contain a DOS in minion return. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in lldpd before 1.0.17. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
A malformed DLC can trigger Memory Corruption in SNPE library due to out of bounds read, such as by loading an untrusted model (e.g. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Transient DOS in Modem while processing RRC reconfiguration message. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Transient DOS in Modem while processing invalid System Information Block 1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
ZPLGFA 1.1.1 allows attackers to cause a panic (because of an integer index out of range during a ConvertToGraphicField call) via an image of zero width. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
disintegration Imaging 1.6.2 allows attackers to cause a panic (because of an integer index out of range during a Grayscale call) via a crafted TIFF file to the scan function of scanner.go. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
IBM Sterling Secure Proxy 6.0.3 and 6.1.0 could allow a local user with specific information about the system to obtain privileged information due to inadequate memory clearing during operations. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Aspera Faspex 5.0.5 transmits sensitive information in cleartext which could be obtained by an attacker using man in the middle techniques. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
IBM Sterling Secure Proxy and IBM Sterling External Authentication Server 6.0.3 and 6.1.0 stores user credentials in plain clear text which can be read by a local user with container access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Parse Server is an open source backend server. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Vulnerability in the password recovery mechanism of Password Recovery plugin for Roundcube, in its 1.2 version, which could allow a remote attacker to change an existing user´s password by adding a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
User enumeration vulnerability in Password Recovery plugin 1.2 version for Roundcube, which could allow a remote attacker to create a test script against the password recovery function to enumerate. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This User Activity Log WordPress plugin before 1.6.7 retrieves client IP addresses from potentially untrusted headers, allowing an attacker to manipulate its value. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Orders Tracking for WooCommerce WordPress plugin before 1.2.6 doesn't validate the file_url parameter when importing a CSV file, allowing high privilege users with the manage_woocommerce. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Media from FTP WordPress plugin before 11.17 does not properly limit who can use the plugin, which may allow users with author+ privileges to move files around, like wp-config.php, which may lead. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In gnss service, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In gnss service, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In gnss service, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In gnss service, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In gnss service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In bluetooth driver, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In bluetooth driver, there is a possible read and write access to registers due to improper access control of register interface. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In bluetooth driver, there is a possible read and write access to registers due to improper access control of register interface. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In wlan service, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In stc, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a race condition. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3). No vendor patch available.
In imgsys_cmdq, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing valid range checking. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In imgsys_cmdq, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing valid range checking. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In imgsys_cmdq, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing valid range checking. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.