Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (68880)
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority because it is a duplicate of CVE-2024-0193. No vendor patch available.
An Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability in the update process of Korenix JetNet Series allows replacing the whole operating system including Trusted Executables. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in JT2Go (All versions < V14.3.0.6), Teamcenter Visualization V13.3 (All versions < V13.3.0.13), Teamcenter Visualization V14.1 (All versions < V14.1.0.12),. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Network port 8899 open in WiFi firmware of BCC101/BCC102/BCC50 products, that allows an attacker to connect to the device via same WiFi network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC CN 4100 (All versions < V2.7). Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use of Default Credentials vulnerability could allow attackers to gain access using factory-default usernames and passwords.
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 10). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 10). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 10). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 10). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 10). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 10). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Spreadsheet::ParseXLSX package before 0.28 for Perl can encounter an out-of-memory condition during parsing of a crafted XLSX document. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Under certain conditions the Microsoft Edge browser extension (SAP GUI connector for Microsoft Edge) - version 1.0, allows an attacker to access highly sensitive information which would otherwise be. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Under certain conditions, Internet Communication Manager (ICM) or SAP Web Dispatcher - versions KERNEL 7.22, KERNEL 7.53, KERNEL 7.54, KRNL64UC 7.22, KRNL64UC 7.22EXT, KRNL64UC 7.53, KRNL64NUC 7.22,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.1). No vendor patch available.
In Gradle Enterprise before 2023.1, a remote attacker may be able to gain access to a new installation (in certain installation scenarios) because of a non-unique initial system user password. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The ST ST54-android-packages-apps-Nfc package before 130-20230215-23W07p0 for Android has an out-of-bounds read. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
TP-Link Tapo APK up to v2.12.703 uses hardcoded credentials for access to the login panel. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in WP Engine Advanced Custom Fields (ACF).1.1 through 6.0.2. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Jordy Meow Database Cleaner: Clean, Optimize & Repair.9.8. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in WPMU DEV Defender Security - Malware Scanner, Login Security & Firewall.1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in StudioWombat WP Optin Wheel - Gamified Optin Email Marketing Tool for WordPress and WooCommerce.4.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Ninja Team FastDup - Fastest WordPress Migration & Duplicator.1.7. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
WALLIX Bastion 7.x, 8.x, 9.x and 10.x and WALLIX Access Manager 3.x and 4.x have Incorrect Access Control which can lead to sensitive data exposure. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in WPChill Download Monitor.7.60. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 87.6%.
The wsftprm.sys kernel driver 2.0.0.0 in Topaz Antifraud allows low-privileged attackers to kill any (Protected Process Light) process via an IOCTL (which will be named at a later time). Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Clone WordPress plugin before 2.4.3 uses buffer files to store in-progress backup informations, which is stored at a publicly accessible, statically defined file path. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Migrate WordPress Website & Backups WordPress plugin before 1.9.3 does not prevent directory listing in sensitive directories containing export files. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 73.8%.
The Debug Log Manager WordPress plugin before 2.3.0 contains a Directory listing vulnerability was discovered, which allows you to download the debug log without authorization and gain access to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Any unauthenticated user may send e-mail from the site with any title or content to the admin. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Constant Contact Constant Contact Forms.4.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Information exposure in Coupon Referral Program WordPress plugin through 1.7.2.
The Linux kernel io_uring IORING_OP_SOCKET operation contained a double free in function __sys_socket_file() in file net/socket.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7). No vendor patch available.
It was discovered that the eBPF implementation in the Linux kernel did not properly track bounds information for 32 bit registers when performing div and mod operations. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8). This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
Race condition in snap-confine's must_mkdir_and_open_with_perms(). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8). Public exploit code available.
io_uring UAF, Unix SCM garbage collection. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3). No vendor patch available.
It was discovered that the cls_route filter implementation in the Linux kernel would not remove an old filter from the hashtable before freeing it if its handle had the value 0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3). Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 59.4%.
It was discovered that a nft object or expression could reference a nft set on a different nft table, leading to a use-after-free once that table was deleted. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3). Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
It was discovered that when exec'ing from a non-leader thread, armed POSIX CPU timers would be left on a list but freed, leading to a use-after-free. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3). This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Puma is a web server for Ruby/Rack applications built for parallelism. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. This HTTP Request/Response Smuggling vulnerability could allow attackers to manipulate HTTP request interpretation between frontend and backend servers.
OpenVPN Connect version 3.0 through 3.4.6 on macOS allows local users to execute code in external third party libraries using the DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES environment variable. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds Read in GitHub repository gpac/gpac prior to 2.3-DEV. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A vulnerability was found in Guangzhou Yingke Electronic Technology Ncast up to 2017 and classified as problematic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 93.7%.
In default installations of Microchip maxView Storage Manager (for Adaptec Smart Storage Controllers) where Redfish server is configured for remote system management, unauthorized access can occur,. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM CICS Transaction Gateway 9.3 could allow a user to transfer or view files due to improper access controls. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Uniway Router 2.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Clinic Queuing System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in SourceCodester Engineers Online Portal 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
[This CNA information record relates to multiple CVEs; the text explains which aspects/vulnerabilities correspond to which CVE.] AMD CPUs since ~2014 have extensions to normal x86 debugging. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
[This CNA information record relates to multiple CVEs; the text explains which aspects/vulnerabilities correspond to which CVE.] AMD CPUs since ~2014 have extensions to normal x86 debugging. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
The caching invalidation guidelines from the AMD-Vi specification (48882-Rev 3.07-PUB-Oct 2022) is incorrect on some hardware, as devices will malfunction (see stale DMA mappings) if some fields of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
For migration as well as to work around kernels unaware of L1TF (see XSA-273), PV guests may be run in shadow paging mode. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Suman Bhattarai Send Users Email.4.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Uncanny Automator, Uncanny Owl Uncanny Automator - Automate everything with the #1 no-code automation and integration. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in wp.Insider, wpaffiliatemgr Affiliates Manager.9.30. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Aaron J 404 Solution.33.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Information exposure in WP Stripe Checkout plugin through 1.2.2.37.
nbviewer-app (aka Jupyter Notebook Viewer) before 0.1.6 has the get-task-allow entitlement for release builds. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Lotos WebServer through 0.1.1 (commit 3eb36cc) has a use-after-free in buffer_avail() at buffer.h via a long URI, because realloc is mishandled. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
PyCryptodome and pycryptodomex before 3.19.1 allow side-channel leakage for OAEP decryption, exploitable for a Manger attack. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
There is a DLL hijacking vulnerability in ZTE ZXCLOUD iRAI, an attacker could place a fake DLL file in a specific directory and successfully exploit this vulnerability to execute malicious code. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.9), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
httparty before 0.21.0 is vulnerable to an assumed-immutable web parameter vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A race condition exists in Audited 4.0.0 to 5.3.3 that can result in an authenticated user to cause audit log entries to be attributed to another user. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable.
Jizhicms v2.5 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file download vulnerability via the component /admin/c/PluginsController.php. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in syngo fastView (All versions). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in the Red Hat Developer Hub (RHDH). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Aoyun Technology pbootcms V3.1.2 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control, allows remote attackers to gain sensitive information via session leakage allows a user to avoid logging into the backend. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The WP-Members Membership Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 3.4.8 via the wpmem_field shortcode. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Missing Authorization vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources or perform actions without proper authorization checks.
Improper access control vulnerability in Nearby device scanning prior version 11.1.14.7 allows local attacker to access data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control vulnerability in Nearby device scanning prior version 11.1.14.7 allows local attacker to access data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Implicit intent hijacking vulnerability in Samsung Email prior to version 6.1.90.16 allows local attacker to get sensitive information. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Notification service prior to SMR Jan-2024 Release 1 allows local attacker to access notification data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.2), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control vulnerability in Samsung DeX prior to SMR Jan-2024 Release 1 allows owner to access other users' notification in a multi-user environment. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Glitch detection is not enabled by default for the CortexM33 core in Silicon Labs secure vault high parts EFx32xG2xB, except EFR32xG21B. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Uncontrolled search path vulnerabilities were reported in the Lenovo Universal Device Client (UDC) that could allow an attacker with local access to execute code with elevated privileges. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Users’ product account authentication data was stored in clear text in The Genie Company Aladdin Connect Mobile Application Version 5.65 Build 2075 (and below) on Android Devices. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Arbitrary File Write vulnerability in the saveReportFile method of ureport2 2.2.9 and before allows attackers to write arbitrary files and run arbitrary commands via crafted POST request. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A use-after-free flaw was found in PackageKitd. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Laf is a cloud development platform. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
CubeFS is an open-source cloud-native file storage system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
CubeFS is an open-source cloud-native file storage system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
CubeFS is an open-source cloud-native file storage system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
CubeFS is an open-source cloud-native file storage system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
An issue in Tamaki_hamanoki Line v.13.6.1 allows attackers to send crafted notifications via leakage of the channel access token. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A host header injection vulnerability exists in the NPM package @perfood/couch-auth versions <= 0.20.0. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap buffer overflow in paddle.repeat_interleave in PaddlePaddle before 2.6.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Buffer Copy without Size Check vulnerability could allow attackers to overflow a buffer to corrupt adjacent memory.
OOB access in paddle.mode in PaddlePaddle before 2.6.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
HTTP3 dissector crash in Wireshark 4.2.0 allows denial of service via packet injection or crafted capture file. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In Plotly plotly.js before 2.25.2, plot API calls have a risk of __proto__ being polluted in expandObjectPaths or nestedProperty. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (Prototype Pollution) vulnerability could allow attackers to modify object prototypes to inject properties affecting application logic.
HCL DRYiCE MyXalytics is impacted by the use of an insecure key rotation mechanism which can allow an attacker to compromise the confidentiality or integrity of data. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.